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Varėna (Template:Pronunciation) is a city in Dzūkija, southern Lithuania.
Currently there are 9,240 residents. The Varėna district is the largest and most forested region in Lithuania.
EtymologyEdit
The name of the town comes from an old village - Senoji Varėna (at the time called simply Varėna), while the new, present Varėna was being established nearby. The place name itself comes from the name of the Varėnė River.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> In other languages, the town is referred to as: Template:Langx;<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Template:Langx; Template:Langx Oran.
HistoryEdit
The town was founded in 1862 near the Warsaw – Saint Petersburg Railway, Template:Convert south of Sena Varėna (Old Varėna). At that time it was a small settlement, but following steady development it eventually became the center of the district. In the interwar period, following World War I, the town was annexed by Poland under its Polish name Orany. It was located near the then Polish-Lithuanian border, in the Wilno-Troki County (Powiat wileńsko-trocki) of the Wilno Voivodeship.
In 1939, following the German-Soviet invasion of Poland, Varėna passed to Lithuania. From 1940, it was occupied by the Soviet Union, and from 1941 it was occupied by Nazi Germany. In 1941, the Germans operated the Dulag 112 prisoner-of-war camp in the town, before its relocation to Mołodeczno.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> On September 9, 1942, all the Jews of the town of Varėna were collected in the local synagogue. On that day, even though the Germans had tried to prevent him from doing so, the priest Jonas Gylys entered the synagogue and encouraged the Jews to be brave in their last hours rather than convert to Christianity.
On the following day (or, according to another source, on the 9th itself) all of the Jews were taken from the synagogue to Ežeriekai - a grove of trees near the village of Druckūnai, Template:Convert from the town, on the side of the road leading to the village. Two large pits had been dug there Template:Convert apart, one for the men and one for the women. Germans forced the victims in groups toward the pits and shot them there.
According to the report of Karl Jaeger, commander of Einsatzkommando 3A, 831 Jews from Varėna (and the surrounding areas) – 541 men, 149 women, and 141 children – were killed on that day.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
In 1944, the town was re-occupied by the Soviet Union, and eventually annexed from Poland in 1945. In 1946 around 2,000 Poles were repatriated to Poland.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Following industrialization in the 1970s, the town grew rapidly.
ClimateEdit
Twin towns — Sister citiesEdit
Varėna is twinned with:
ReferencesEdit
External linksEdit
- The murder of the Jews of Varėna during World War II, at Yad Vashem website.