Template:Short description Template:Other ships Template:More citations needed Template:Use dmy dates
Template:Infobox ship imageTemplate:Infobox ship careerTemplate:Infobox ship characteristicsThe PS (paddle steamer) Comet was built in 1812 for Henry Bell, a Scottish engineer who with his wife had become proprietor of the Baths Hotel offering sea bathing in Helensburgh. On 15 August 1812, Bell's ship began a passenger service on the River Clyde, connecting Helensburgh to Greenock and Glasgow. This was the first commercially successful steamboat service in Europe. Bell obtained the engine from John Robertson of Glasgow, and the ship was built for him by John and Charles Wood of Port Glasgow.<ref name="1 in Euro/">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="Ships & Shipbuilders p. 56">Template:Cite book</ref>
HistoryEdit
Henry Bell had become interested in steam-propelled boats, and to learn from the Charlotte Dundas venture corresponded with Robert Fulton, who got the North River Steamboat (also known as the Clermont) into operation in 1807 as the first commercially successful steamboat.<ref name="1 in Euro/" />
In the winter of 1811/1812 Bell got John and Charles Wood of John Wood and Company, shipbuilders of Port Glasgow, to build a paddle steamer which was named Comet,<ref name="McQueen">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name=CometBrewery /> named after the "Great Comet" of 1811. The 28 ton burthen craft had a deck Template:Convert long with a beam of Template:Convert.<ref name="Spratt">Template:Cite book</ref> It had two paddle wheels on each side, driven by a single-cylinder engine rated at Template:Convert.<ref name="Spratt" /> The engine was made by John Robertson of Glasgow, and the boiler by David Napier, Camlachie, Glasgow<ref name="McQueen" /><ref name="Deayton">Template:Cite book</ref> (a story has it that they were evolved from an experimental little steam engine which Bell installed to pump sea water into the Helensburgh Baths)Template:Citation needed. The funnel was tall and thin, serving as a mast, with a yard, allowing it to support a square sail when there was a following wind.<ref name="McQueen" /><ref name="Spratt" /> A small cabin aft had wooden seats in front of concealed beds and a table. Comet was reported as "brightly painted, having for her figurehead a lady garbed in all the colours of the rainbow".<ref name="McQueen" />
Comet was launched on 24 July 1812<ref name="Spratt" /> with her trial run on 6 August from Port Glasgow to the Broomielaw in Glasgow, taking three and a half hours for the Template:Convert.<ref name="McQueen" /><ref name="Spratt" /><ref group=Note>Some sources have the launching in 1811 and 18 January 1812 for a trial tripTemplate:Citation needed</ref> The double paddlewheels were found to be unsatisfactory and a pair of single wheels were substituted which increased her speed to almost 7 knots.<ref name="Spratt" />
On 15 August 1812, Bell advertised in a local newspaper "The Greenock Advertiser", that the Comet would begin a regular passenger service from that day, a distance of Template:Convert each way:<ref name=BookOfDays>Template:Cite book</ref>
On 15 August Comet made the first commercial sailing from Glasgow for Bowling, Helensburgh and Greenock, opening the era of the steamboat on the Clyde, and more widely in Britain and Europe.<ref name="McQueen" /> The fare was "four shillings for the best cabin, and three shillings for the second." As the vessel clearly had no cabins in the modern sense it is unclear what this meant.
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The success of this service quickly inspired competition, with services down the Firth of Clyde and the sea lochs to Largs, Rothesay, Campbeltown and Inveraray within four years, and the Comet was outclassed by newer steamers. Bell briefly tried a service on the Firth of Forth.
Famous passengersEdit
- Sir Walter Scott
- James Watt (in 1816, visiting his home town of Greenock in old age) – by this date Bell offered a return trip from Glasgow to Rothesay on the same day which Watt undertook.<ref name=BookOfDays />
WreckEdit
Bell had the Comet lengthened and re-engined, and from September 1819 ran a service to Oban and Fort William (via the Crinan Canal), a trip which took four days. On 15 December 1820 the Comet was wrecked in strong currents at Craignish Point near Oban, with Bell on board.<ref name=PrecipitatedEternity>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> There were no deaths.<ref name=PrecipitatedEternity /> One of the engines ended its working days in a Greenock brewery,<ref name=CometBrewery>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and is now in The Science Museum in London.<ref name="Deayton" /><ref name=CometBrewery />
FateEdit
In 1875, the schooner Ann was driven against a steamship at Greenock, Renfrewshire and sank. The Glasgow Herald reported a piece from the Greenock Telegraph which stated "part of the hull of the Ann was all that was left of Henry Bell's old Comet, the first steam-vessel ever to sail in European waters. Some years ago she was bought up by Smillie, of Glasgow, and Bell's old engine taken out. She was lengthened, made a schooner, and was run on the Larne trade, where she was at great favourite, and was familiarly called the 'Long Ann'. Some time since she was burnt down to the waters edge, but her hull was so good, and she was such a favourite with her owners, that they hauled her into dock and fitted her. The curious thing is, that having been built at Port-Glasgow 63 years ago, and undergoing many vicissitudes, she should, like an old weather-beaten sailor, end her days almost at the threshold of her own home."<ref name=GH250275>Template:Cite news</ref>
Comet IIEdit
Bell built another vessel, Comet II, but on 21 October 1825 she collided with the steamer Ayr off Kempock Point, Gourock, Scotland.<ref name=PrecipitatedEternity />
Comet II sank very quickly, killing 62 of the estimated 80 passengers on board,<ref name=PrecipitatedEternity /> including the son-in-law of John Anderson, a friend of Robert Burns. Also drowned were recently married Captain Wemyss Erskine Sutherland of the 33rd Regiment and Sarah née Duff of Muirtown.<ref name=PrecipitatedEternity /><ref>National Library of Scotland MS 9854 ff 177-180</ref> After the loss of his second ship, Bell abandoned his work on steam navigation.<ref name=PrecipitatedEternity />
ReplicaEdit
A replica of the Comet, situated in Port Glasgow, was built by Lithgows shipyard apprentices in 1962 for the 150th anniversary of the original.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=CometBrewery /> As part of the anniversary celebrations the replica sailed from Port Glasgow to Helensburgh and back, accompanied by a flotilla of small ships.<ref name=ReplicaLifted>Template:Cite news</ref>
In 2011, just before the original's 200th anniversary, the replica was restored by a partnership of Inverclyde Council, Ferguson Shipbuilders and an organisation called The Trust.<ref name=ReplicaLifted /> The restoration cost £180,000.<ref name=ReplicaLifted />
A survey and condition report was commissioned by Inverclyde Council and reported back in 2019. The survey found that the wooden hull of the replica is in such bad condition that it is beyond economic repair, and recommended that the machinery be removed and placed in a new hull.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
In April 2023, the replica ship was dismantled and the woodwork scrapped by Inverclyde Council. No trace of the replica ship remains at the site.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
NotesEdit
ReferencesEdit
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BibliographyEdit
- Clyde Pleasure Steamers Ian McCrorie, Orr, Pollock & Co. Ltd., Greenock, Template:ISBN