Cervical plexus

Template:Short description Template:More citations needed Template:Infobox Nerve The cervical plexus is a nerve plexus of the anterior rami of the first (i.e. upper-most) four cervical spinal nerves C1-C4.<ref name=":224">Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Citation</ref><ref name=":0">Template:Citation</ref><ref>Template:Citation</ref> The cervical plexus provides motor innervation to some muscles of the neck, and the diaphragm; it provides sensory innervation to parts of the head, neck, and chest.<ref name=":224" />

Anatomy

They are located laterally to the transverse processes between prevertebral muscles from the medial side and vertebral (m. scalenus, m. levator scapulae, m. splenius cervicis) from lateral side. There is anastomosis with accessory nerve, hypoglossal nerve and sympathetic trunk. It is located in the neck, deep to the sternocleidomastoid muscle.<ref>Template:Citation</ref>

The branches of the cervical plexus emerge from the posterior triangle at the nerve point, a point which lies midway on the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid.

Relations

The cervical plexus is situated deep to the sternocleidomastoid muscle, internal jugular vein, and deep cervical fascia.<ref name=":224" />

It is situated anterior to the middle scalene muscle, and levator scapulae muscle.<ref name=":224" />

Branches

The cervical plexus has two types of branches: cutaneous and muscular.<ref name=":0" />

• Cutaneous (4 branches):
  • Lesser occipital nerve - innervates the skin and the scalp posterosuperior to the auricle (C2)
  • Great auricular nerve - innervates skin near concha auricle (outer ear) and external acoustic meatus (ear canal) (C2-C3)
  • Transverse cervical nerve - innervates anterior region of neck (C2 and C3)
  • Supraclavicular nerves - innervate the skin above and below the clavicle (C3-C4)<ref>Clinically Oriented Anatomy by Moore and Dally's</ref> Template:Clarify
• Muscular
  • Ansa cervicalis - a loop formed by C1-C3 that supplies most infrahyoid (a.k.a. "strap") muscles (sternothyroid, sternohyoid, omohyoid muscles) etc.
  • Nerve to thyrohyoid - fibres from C1 that run with the hypoglossal nerve (cranial nerve XII) and do not participate in the formation of the superior root of ansa cervicalis, instead continuing for some further distance to reach and innervate the thyrohyoid muscle and the geniohyoid muscle.
  • Phrenic (C3-C5, but mostly C4) - innervates thoracic diaphragm and the pericardium.
  • Segmental branches (C1-C4) - innervate anterior and middle scalene muscles
  • Levator scapulae muscle (C3-C4) (also innervated by dorsal scapular nerve (C5) of the brachial plexus)

Diagram

File:Cervical plexus.PNG

Additional images

• Gray804.png

  Plan of the cervical plexus.

• Gray805.png

  The nerves of the scalp, face, and side of neck.

• Gray838.png

  The right sympathetic chain and its connections with the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic plexuses.

• Gray1210.png

  Side of neck, showing chief surface markings.

References

<references />

External links

• Template:SUNYAnatomyFigs - "Diagram of the cervical plexus"
• Template:MedicalMnemonics
• Diagram at msu.edu Template:Webarchive