Template:Short description A rubefacient is a substance for topical application that produces redness of the skin, e.g. by causing dilation of the capillaries and an increase in blood circulation. It has sometimes been used to relieve acute or chronic pain, but there is limited evidence as to its efficacy,<ref name=":0" /><ref name=Mason>Mason et al. 2004 Systematic review of efficacy of topical rubefacients containing salicylates for the treatment of acute and chronic pain BMJ 328:995</ref> and as of 2014 the best evidence does not support using gels and creams containing rubefacients for this purpose.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite journal</ref>Template:Better source needed
ExamplesEdit
Common medicinal rubefacients include:<ref name=Mason/>
- Salicylates, such as methyl salicylate (oil of wintergreen)
- Nicotinate esters
- Capsaicin, derived from chili pepper, Capsicum minimum, "incites irritation without rubefaction"
- Isopropanol (rubbing alcohol)
- Menthol
- Minoxidil
- Thurfyl nicotinate (Trafuril)
Common herbal rubefacients include:Template:Citation needed
- Cloves (Syzygium aromaticum)
- Garlic (Allium sativum)
- Ginger (Zingiber officinale)
- Horseradish (Cochlearia armoracia)
- Mustard (Brassica alba or Brassica nigra)
- Nettle (Urtica dioica)
- Rue (Ruta graveolens)
- Peppermint (Mentha piperita)