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Sukerchakia Misl

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Sukerchakia Misl
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| belowclass = mergedtoprow noprint | below = {{#if:| Template:Navbar }} }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=Template:Main other|preview=Page using Template:Infobox country with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| admin_center_type | admin_center | alt_coat | alt_flag | alt_flag2 | alt_map | alt_map2 | alt_map3 | alt_symbol | anthem | anthems | antipodes | area_acre | area_data2 | area_data3 | area_footnote | area_ha | area_km2 | area_label | area_label2 | area_label3 | area_land_acre | area_land_footnote | area_land_ha | area_land_km2 | area_land_sq_mi | area_link | area_rank | area_sq_mi | area_water_acre | area_water_footnote | area_water_ha | area_water_km2 | area_water_sq_mi | regexp1 = border_[ps][%d]+ | calling_code | capital_exile | capital_type | capital | cctld | coa_size | coat_alt | common_languages | common_name | conventional_long_name | coordinates | currency_code | currency | date_end | regexp2 = date_event[%d]+ | date_format | date_post | date_pre | date_start | demonym | regexp3 = deputy[%d]+ | drives_on | DST_note | DST | empire | englishmotto | era | regexp4 = established_date[%d]+ | regexp5 = established_event[%d]+ | established | ethnic_groups_ref | ethnic_groups_year | ethnic_groups | event_end | event_post | event_pre | event_start | regexp6 = event[%d]+ | flag| flag_alt | flag_alt2 | flag_border | flag_caption | flag_caption | regexp7 = flag_[ps][%d]+ | flag_size | flag_type | flag_type_article | flag_width | flag2_border | regexp8 = footnote_[a-h] | regexp9 = footnote[%d]+ | footnotes | footnotes2 | FR_cadastre_area_km2 | FR_cadastre_area_rank | FR_cadastre_area_sq_mi | FR_foot | FR_foot2 | FR_foot3 | FR_foot4 | FR_foot5 | FR_IGN_area_km2 | FR_IGN_area_rank | FR_IGN_area_sq_mi | FR_metropole_population_estimate_rank | FR_metropole_population | FR_metropole | FR_total_population_estimate_rank | FR_total_population_estimate_year | FR_total_population_estimate | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank | GDP_nominal_per_capita | GDP_nominal_rank | GDP_nominal_year | GDP_nominal | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank | GDP_PPP_per_capita | GDP_PPP_rank | GDP_PPP_year | GDP_PPP | Gini_change | Gini_rank | Gini_ref | Gini_year | Gini | government_type | HDI_change | HDI_rank | HDI_ref | HDI_year | HDI | house1 | house2 | image_coat | image_flag | image_flag2 | image_map_alt | image_map_caption | image_map_size | image_map | image_map2_alt | image_map2_caption | image_map2_size | image_map2 | image_map3 | regexp10 = image_[ps][%d]+ | image_symbol | iso3166code | languages_sub | languages_type | languages | languages2_sub | languages2_type | languages2 | largest_city | largest_settlement_type | largest_settlement | regexp11 = leader_name[%d]+ | regexp12 = leader_title[%d]+ | regexp13 = leader[%d]+ | legislature | life_span | linking_name | location_map | loctext | lower_house | map_caption | map_caption2 | map_caption3 | map_width | map2_width | map3_width | membership_type | membership | micronation | motto | name | national_anthem | national_languages | national_motto | native_name | navbar | nummembers | official_languages | official_website | org_type | other_symbol_type | other_symbol | regexp14 = [ps][%d]+ | patron_saint | patron_saints | percent_water | politics_link | pop_den_footnote | population_census_rank | population_census_year | population_census | population_data2 | population_data3 | population_density_km2 | population_density_rank | population_density_sq_mi | population_estimate_rank | population_estimate_year | population_estimate | population_label2 | population_label3 | population_link | recognised_languages | recognised_national_languages | recognised_regional_languages | recognized_languages | recognized_national_languages | regexp15 = ref_area[%d]+ | regexp16 = ref_pop[%d]+ | regional_languages | recognized_regional_languages | religion_ref | religion_year | religion | regexp17 = representative[%d]+ | royal_anthem | flag_anthem | march | national_march | regional_anthem | territorial_anthem | state_anthem | sovereignty_note | sovereignty_type | regexp18 = stat_area[%d]+ | regexp19 = stat_pop[%d]+ | regexp20 = stat_year[%d]+ | status_text | status | symbol| symbol_type_article | symbol_type | symbol_width | text_symbol_type | text_symbol | time_zone_DST | time_zone | title_deputy | title_leader | title_representative | today | type_house1 | type_house2 | upper_house | utc_offset_DST | utc_offset | regexp21 = year_deputy[%d]+ | year_end | year_exile_end | year_exile_start | regexp22 = year_leader[%d]+ | regexp23 = year_representative[%d]+ | year_start}}Template:Main other{{#if:|{{#ifeq:|Colony|Template:Main other|{{#ifeq:|Exile|Template:Main other}}}} }} Template:Misls The Sukerchakia Misl was one of twelve Sikh misls in Punjab during the 18th century, concentrated in Gujranwala and Hafizabad districts in western Punjab (in modern-Pakistan) and ruled from (1752–1801). The misl, or grouping with its own guerilla militia (jatha), was founded by Charat Singh of Sandhawalia, grandfather of Maharaja Ranjit Singh.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The last Sukerchakia Misldar (commander of the Misl) was Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Towards the end of the eighteenth century, Maharaja Ranjit Singh united all the misls and established an independent Sikh Empire.

HistoryEdit

Family originEdit

The earliest traceable ancestor of the Sukerchakia family with reliable historicity was Kalu (died c.1488), a Jat of the Warraich got (clan), who moved in c.1470 from his native village of Bhatian (in modern-day Lahore district) to Sansara (or Sansi; located in modern-day Ajnala tehsil, Amritsar district, Punjab, India) with his spouse. Later-on, he would further shift his family to Sand, a village approximately six kilometres from Wazirabad.<ref name=":0">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=":2">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name=":3">Template:Cite book</ref> Whilst Kalu had his residence in Sansi, he gave birth to a son named Jaddoman.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> Jaddoman became a plunderer associated with the Sansi tribe.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> He died in c.1515 on a marauding expeditions and was survived by a son named Galeb (also known as Mannu).<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> Galeb also became a plunderer and was renowned for it. He died in c.1549 and was survived by a son named Kiddoh.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" />

Sukerchak villageEdit

Kiddoh shifted his residence from his native village to the village of Sukerchak in c.1555.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> The etymology of the name of the later Misl originates from the toponym of this village.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> The village was located approximately 3 kilometres away from Gujranwala.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> Kiddoh is said to have been spiritually disposed and started working on the land as an agricultural labourer.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> Kiddoh died in c.1578 and was survived by two sons named Rajadab and Premu.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> Rajadab would open a grocery store in the village, worked also as an agriculturalist, and was versed and literate in the Landa script.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> Rajadab died in c.1620 and left behind three sons named Nilu, Telu, and Takht Mal.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> Only Takht Mal survived past childhood into adulthood, whom benefited from the intergenerational wealth that was passed down to him from the hardwork of his predecessors.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> With this small fortune, he became a lender and eventually worked his way up to become a banker.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> When he died in c.1653, he was succeeded by two sons named Balu and Bara.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> Baru is the first ancestor of the Sukerchakia family who had associations with Sikhism, as he was a follower of the founder, Guru Nanak, and an avid reader of the Adi Granth (as it was then known).<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> At the age of 25, he expressed a strong desire to become initiated into the religion in Amritsar (Khande-di-Pahul).<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> However, due to an accident, he was unable to complete this mission.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> On his deathbed in 1679, he told his son, Budda (nicknamed Desu after his horse, Desi; born 1670; later given the baptized name of Budh Singh), to get baptized in Amritsar as a dying wish for his son to fulfil.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> Once he reached an age of maturity, Budda was baptized into the Khalsa order by Guru Gobind Singh himself and was renamed as Budh Singh.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> Budh Singh was a warrior of high repute in his time.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> When Budh Singh died in 1716, his wife committed suicide so they were cremated together. He was survived by two sons, Naudh Singh and Chanda Singh.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> Chanda was the progenitor of the Sandhawalia family of Raja Sansi.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" />

Sukerchakia JathaEdit

Chaudhary Naudh Singh was the landlord of Gujranwala area that he renamed as Shukar Chak (meaning: "thanks for the land").<ref name=":4">Template:Cite book</ref> The very beginning and earliest traces of the Sukerchakia Misl can be traced to Nodha Singh constructing a minor fortress in his native village of Sukerchak, along with gathering a small jatha of 30 horsemen to protect his locality from invading Afghans.<ref name=":2" /> He and his group of horsemen would later join the Faizalpuria Misl of Nawab Kapur Singh in 1730.<ref name=":2" /> He became wealthy by pillaging the caravans of the invading Afghans and established himself as the local chieftain of Sukerchak. He was severely wounded in 1747 during a fight with Afghans after being shot in the head.<ref name=":2" />

Independent mislEdit

At the annual Diwali meeting of the Sarbat Khalsa in Amritsar in 1748, a Gurmata was passed that reorganized the various scattered and numerous jathas into eleven organized Misls, with the Sukerchakia Misl forming out of this judgement.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>Template:Efn When Naudh died in 1752, he had four sons who survived him named Charat Singh, Dal Singh, Chet Singh, and Mangi Singh.<ref name=":2" />

Under Charat SinghEdit

File:Charat Singh.png
Painting of Charat Singh during an engagement with Afghan Durrani forces

Charat Singh was the eldest son of Naudh Singh, the father of Maha Singh, and the grandfather of Ranjit Singh.<ref name=":4" /> Charat Singh formally created the Sukerchakia Misl.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> He distinguished himself at an early age in campaigns against Ahmad Shah Abdali and split from the Singhpuria Misl to formally establish the Sukerchakia Misl in Gujranwala.<ref name=":4" /> He combined with the Mughalchak missal and extended his rule in Rohtas, Chakwal, Pind Dadan Khan which stood in the Pothohar region of northern Punjab and took Wazirabad under his control.

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"Chaudhary Charat Singh strengthened his position by matrimonial alliances. Dal Singh Kalianwala of Alipur renamed Akālgarh was married to the sister of Charat Singh. Sohel Singh Bhangi was married to the daughter of Charat Singh. Sahib Singh Bhangi, son of Gujar Singh, was married to another daughter, Raj Kaur. Charat's Singh's son Mahan Singh was married to the daughter of Jai Singh Mann of Mughalchak."{{#if:Hari Ram Guptapage 304<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>History of the Sikhs. Vol. IV: Sikh Commonwealth or Rise and Fall of the Misls (1982)|{{#if:|}}

— {{#if:|, in }}Template:Comma separated entries

}}

{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=Template:Main other|preview=Page using Template:Blockquote with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | author | by | char | character | cite | class | content | multiline | personquoted | publication | quote | quotesource | quotetext | sign | source | style | text | title | ts }}During the time of Charat Singh, men were only able to join the misl after having been first baptized into the Khalsa as a criterion for admission.<ref name=":4" /> Charat Singh rose the number of horsemen to around 150.<ref name=":4" /> The headquarters of the misl moved from Sukerchak village to Gujranwala after the marriage of Charat to Desan Kaur, the daughter of Amir Singh of Gujranwala, whom had been a close ally to Charat.<ref name=":4" /> Amir Singh was an aged but still powerful sardar.<ref name=":4" />

Under Maha SinghEdit

File:Ramgarhia and Sukarchakia Misls hold a diplomatic meeting.jpg
Ramgarhia and Sukarchakia Misls hold a diplomatic meeting. Jassa Singh Ramgarhia (long, white beard) on left. Mahan Singh with checked blanket covering chest on the right, in centre

Then came Maha Singh (d.1792) who also expanded the Misl further.<ref name=":4" />

Under Ranjit SinghEdit

File:'Young Maharaja Ranjit Singh', Company style, nineteenth century.jpg
Young Ranjit Singh, company style, circa 19th century

After the decline of the Mughals, Maharaja Ranjit Singh united all the misls and shaped a powerful empire in Punjab.

LeadersEdit

No. Name

Template:Small

Portrait Term Reference(s)
As a Jatha under the Singhpuria Misl:
1. Naudh Singh
Template:Small 		1730 – 1748 <ref name=":2" />
As an independent Misl:
– Naudh Singh
Template:Small 		1748 – 1752 <ref name=":2" />
2. Charat Singh
Template:Small 		File:Painting of Charat Singh of the Sukerchakia Misl (grandfather of Maharaja Ranjit Singh) on horseback in a jungle armed with a lance or spear, kattar (Indic push dagger), dhal shield, and bow and arrow.jpg 1752 – 1774 <ref name=":2" />
3. Maha Singh
Template:Small 		File:Painting of Mahan Singh (also spelt as Maha Singh) of the Sukerchakia Misl seated underneath a red canopy.jpg 1774 – 1792 <ref name=":2" />
4. Ranjit Singh
Template:Small 		File:Young Maharaja Ranjit Singh wearing red.jpg 1792 – 1801 <ref name=":2" />

Battles fought by Sukerchakia MislEdit

File:Stereoscopic photograph of the tomb or 'samadhi' (Indic cenotaph) of Mahan Singh at Gujranwala in Punjab, ca.1869.jpg
Stereoscopic photograph of the tomb or 'samadhi' (Indic cenotaph) of Mahan Singh at Gujranwala in Punjab, ca.1869

NotesEdit

Template:Reflist

ReferencesEdit

Template:Reflist

Template:Sikh Empire

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