Southernmost settlements

File:Cities of Tierra del Fuego.png

Location of Punta Arenas, Porvenir, Río Grande, Ushuaia and Puerto Williams in the southern tip of South America.

Southernmost settlements are cities, towns, weather stations or permanent military bases which are farther south than latitude 45°S. They are closely related to the Southern Ocean or either the Roaring Forties or Furious Fifties. Antarctic bases are excluded due to not having a permanent population.

Unlike the northern hemisphere, where several major metropolitan areas such as Moscow, Harbin, London, Paris, Seattle, and Montreal are all located north of the 45°N parallel, the only permanently populated areas south of the 45°S parallel are the small and sparsely populated regions of southern Patagonia in South America, the Falkland Islands, and the southernmost tip of New Zealand.

Southernmost city

The southernmost city in the world is mainly a slogan used for tourism purposes to attract visitors to a city as well as the tourists headed for Antarctica. Ciudad (city) is not a legal designation in Chile and Argentina, except for the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires. Currently, three places use this slogan: Ushuaia in Argentina as well as Punta Arenas and Puerto Williams<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="turismopaliaike.com">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="http://www.infinito-sur.com">http://www.infinito-sur.com/ Template:Webarchive, retrieved 9 April 2012</ref><ref name="subpesca.cl">Puerto Williams espera una gran temporada de centollaTemplate:Dead link, retrieved 9 April 2012</ref><ref name="Escritorio Estudiantes">Escritorio Estudiantes Template:Webarchive, retrieved 9 April 2012</ref><ref name="dibam">dibam, retrieved 9 April 2012</ref><ref name="Times Online">Times Online</ref><ref name="thisischile.cl">Website thisischile.cl Puerto Williams, the southernmost town in the world</ref> in Chile, with the last being the absolute southernmost town by latitude (see table below). There are several more settlements further south but none are considered to be large enough to be classified as a 'city'. The three contending cities are from north to south:

• Punta Arenas (Template:Coord, population: 123,403), literally in Spanish: "Sandy Point", is the oldest and largest city in Southern Patagonia, at the Strait of Magellan and the capital of the Magallanes and Antártica Chilena Region. It is the largest of the three contenders with around 130,000 permanent residents<ref>Interactive map, INE Census 2002, Chile. (Click on XII Region and then on Punta Arenas)</ref> and it is called the southernmost city by some media outlets. The basis of its claim to be the southernmost city rests on it being larger than Ushuaia, Río Grande, and Puerto Williams, all of which are farther south.
• Ushuaia (Template:Coord, population: 82,615), the capital of the Argentine province of Tierra del Fuego, is more commonly regarded as the southernmost city in the world due to its sufficiently large population, its infrastructure, and its accepted classification as a city.<ref name="Boston Globe 2008">Boston Globe 2008</ref><ref>Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref><ref>Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref> Ushuaia is located in a wide bay on the southern coast of the island of Tierra del Fuego, on the northern shore of the Beagle Channel; hence, it is further north than Puerto Williams.

• Puerto Williams (Template:Coord, population: 1,868), located on Isla Navarino, is the southernmost town in the world on the southern shore of the Beagle Channel. It is the capital of the Antártica Chilena Province, one of four provinces located in the Magallanes and Antártica Chilena Region.<ref name="ptowilliams.cl">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref> Puerto Williams is sometimes considered the southernmost city in the world by Chilean media and some large media international organisations,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="turismopaliaike.com"/><ref name="http://www.infinito-sur.com"/><ref name="subpesca.cl"/><ref name="Escritorio Estudiantes"/><ref name="dibam"/><ref name="Times Online"/> although it promotes itself with the slogan Puerto Williams, the southernmost town in the world<ref name="thisischile.cl"/> in its tourism campaigns. It has a Naval Hospital of Puerto Williams, the Martin Gusinde Anthropological Museum, the Guardiamarina Zañartu Airport and a university campus and it is a naval base of the Chilean Navy.

• Ushuaia 2009.jpg

  Ushuaia

• Punta Arenas city view.jpg

  Punta Arenas city view

• Micalvi yacht club navarino chile.jpg

  Puerto Williams, Micalvi yacht club

Settlements of more than 1,000 inhabitants south of 45°S

Template:Location map-line This is a list of all settlements south of the 45th parallel south with over 1,000 permanent inhabitants.

Southernmost settlements outside Antarctica

This list of settlements excludes research stations in Antarctica and its surrounding islands.

#	Location	Country	Settlement type	Latitude	Population	Population as of	Köppen climate classification
1	Estación Naval Islas Diego Ramirez	Chile	Naval station	56°30′ S	4	2017	ET
2	Estación Meteorológica de Cabo de Hornos	Chile	Weather station	55°59′ S	4<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> || 2008 || ET
3	Puerto Toro	Chile	Hamlet	55°05′ S	36<ref name="DEMOGRAFÍA">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> || 2002 || ET
4	Caleta Wulaia	Chile	Hamlet	55°02′ S	?	?	ET
5	Caleta Eugenia	Chile	Hamlet	54°56′ S	?	?	?
6	Puerto Williams	Chile	Town	54°56′ S	1,868<ref name=":0" />	2002	Cfc
7	Puerto Navarino	Chile	Village	54°55′ S	?	?	Cfc
8	Puerto Almanza	Argentina	Village	54°52′ S	200	?	Cfc
9	Ushuaia	Argentina	City	54°48′ S	82,615<ref name=":1" />	2010	Cfc
10	Tolhuin	Argentina	Town	54°31′ S	9,879<ref name=":1" />	?	Cfc
11	Macquarie Island Station	Australia	Scientific research station	54°30′ S	20 to 40	?	ET
12	Grytviken	South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands	Hamlet	54°19′ S	up to 18	?	ET
13	Río Grande	Argentina	City	53°45′ S	98,017<ref name=":1" />	2010	Cfc/Dfc
14	Porvenir	Chile	Town	53°17′ S	5,465	?	Cfc
15	Punta Arenas	Chile	City	53°17′ S	123,403<ref name=":0" />	2002	Cfc

• The former Argentine base Corbeta Uruguay (59°28′ S) in South Sandwich Islands was the southernmost settlement outside Antarctica from 1976–1982.

Settlements on the Antarctic continent

There are many research stations in Antarctica, both permanent and summer only. Many of the stations are staffed all year. McMurdo Station is the largest with an average population of 1200.

A total of 30 countries (as of October 2006), all signatory to the Antarctic Treaty, operate seasonal (summer) or year-round research stations on the continent and on its surrounding islands. In addition to these permanent stations, approximately 30 field camps are established each austral summer to support specific one-off projects.<ref>4.0 Antarctica – Past and Present</ref>

The full list is available at: Research stations in Antarctica.

See also

• Northernmost settlements
• Extremes on Earth
• List of southernmost items
• Research stations in Antarctica

Bibliography

• L. Ivanov and N. Ivanova. Southernmost city. In: The World of Antarctica. Generis Publishing, 2022. pp. 126-130. Template:ISBN