Template:Short description Template:Infobox Galaxy
Messier 59 or M59, also known as NGC 4621, is an elliptical galaxy in the equatorial constellation of Virgo. It is a member of the Virgo Cluster, with the nearest fellow member Template:Val away and around 5 magnitudes fainter. The nearest cluster member of comparable brightness is the lenticular galaxy NGC 4638, which is around Template:Val away.<ref name=Mizuno1996/> It and the angularly nearby elliptical galaxy Messier 60 were both discovered by Johann Gottfried Koehler in April 1779 when observing comet seeming close by. Charles Messier listed both in the Messier Catalogue about three days after Koehler's discovery.<ref name="jonesbook1991" />
This is an elliptical galaxy of type E5<ref name=King1966/> with a position angle of 163.3°,<ref name=Long2012/> indicating the overall shape shows a flattening of 50%.<ref name=Bergh1998/> However, isophotes for this galaxy deviate from a perfect ellipticity, showing pointed shapes instead. These can be decomposed mathematically into a three component model, with each part having a different eccentricity. The main elliptical component appears to be superimposed upon a flatter, disk-like feature, with the entirety embedded within a circular halo. The luminosity contribution of the components is 62% for the pure elliptical part, 22% for the halo, and the remainder coming from the disk. The light ratio of the disk to the main elliptical body is 0.25, whereas it is typically closer to 0.5 in a lenticular galaxy.<ref name=Mizuno1996/><ref name="Krajnović2004"/>
The core contains a supermassive black hole (SMBH), with a mass that has been estimated to be 270 million times the mass of the Sun,<ref name="Wrobel2008"/> and counter-rotates with respect of the rest of the galaxy, being bluer.<ref name="Wernli2001"/> The SMBH is quiescent, but is detectable as an X-ray and radio source that indicates an outflow.<ref name=Wrobel2008/> The nucleus contains an embedded stellar disk that is bluer (younger) than the bulge region, with a blue component stretching along a position angle of around 150°. This extended disk feature may be the result of a galactic merger followed by a starburst event.<ref name=Krajnović2004/>
Messier 59 is very rich in globular clusters, with a population of them that has been estimated to be around 2,200.<ref name="Harris1991"/> It has two satellites, the ultra compact dwarf galaxy M59-UCD3<ref name=Sandoval2015/> and M59cO, which is a rare example of a galaxy in between compact ellipticals such as Messier 32 and ultra compact dwarfs.<ref name="Chilingarian2008"/>
SupernovaEdit
One supernova has been recorded in M59: SN 1939B (type Ia, mag. 15) was discovered by Fritz Zwicky on 19 May 1939.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It reached a peak magnitude of 11.9.<ref name=cbat/> The region where this supernova occurred shows no trace of star formation, which suggests this was a type Ia supernova.<ref name=Perets2011/>
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Template:Portal bar Template:Virgo Template:Messier objects Template:Catalogs Template:Ngc50 Template:Sky