Langres

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Langres ({{#invoke:IPA|main}}) is a commune in northeastern France. It is a subprefecture of the department of Haute-Marne, in the region of Grand Est.

HistoryEdit

As the capital of the Romanized Gallic tribe known as the Lingones, it was called Andematunnum, then Lingones, and now Langres.

A hilltop town, Langres was built on a limestone promontory of the same name. This stronghold was originally occupied by the Lingones. At a later date the Romans fortified the town, which they called Andemantunum, located at a strategic crossroads of twelve Roman roads.Template:Citation needed The first-century Triumphal Gate and the many artefacts exhibited in the museums are remnants of the town's Gallo-Roman history. After the period of invasions, the town prospered in the Middle Ages, due in part to the growing political influence of its bishops. The diocese covered Champagne, the Duchy of Burgundy, and Franche-Comté, and the bishops obtained the right to coin money in the ninth century and to name the military governor of the city in 927. The Bishop of Langres was a duke and peer of France. The troubled 14th and 15th centuries caused the town to strengthen its defenses, which still give the old city its fortified character, and Langres entered a period of royal tutelage. The Renaissance, which returned prosperity to the town, saw the construction of numerous fine civil, religious and military buildings that still stand today. In the 19th century, a "Vauban" citadel was added.

Main sightsEdit

Langres has a historic town center surrounded by defensive walls with a dozen towers and seven gates.

The cathedral of Saint-Mammès is a late 12th-century structure dedicated to Mammes of Caesarea, a 3rd-century martyr.

CultureEdit

Langres is home to producers of an AOC-protected cheese of the same name. It is a soft, pungent cow's milk cheese that is known for its rind, which is washed.

The town was long known for its cutlery industry. Didier Diderot, father of encyclopedist Denis, was a cutler.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

A museum called the Denis Diderot House of Enlightenment opened in 2013. This museum, set up in a private mansion from the 16th and 18th centuries, is dedicated to the philosopher Denis Diderot.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

PopulationEdit

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Notable peopleEdit

Langres was the birthplace of:

Nicolas Ribonnier (ca.1525–1605), Renaissance architect
Jeanne Mance (1606–1673), the co-founder of Montreal
Claude Gillot (1673–1722), painter
Denis Diderot (1713–1784), the philosopher of the Age of Enlightenment, and the editor-in-chief of the Encyclopédie.
Étienne Jean Bouchu (1714–1773), metallurgist and Encyclopédiste
Nicolas Fallet (1746–1801), playwright and journalist
Joseph-Philibert Girault de Prangey (1804–1892), photographer and draughtsman
Jules Violle (1841–1923), physicist and inventor
Guy Fréquelin (born 1945), rally driver
Jean Tabourot, who went by the pen name Thoinot Arbeau and wrote Orchésographie, a book on dance and music.

ClimateEdit

Located in the north-east quarter of France, Langres is under the influence of both an oceanic climate and a humid continental climate with no dry season. Winters are cold and snowy (33.4 days of snow per year on average) but interspersed with periods of light thaw and summers are mild and even pleasant with average maximum temperatures around Template:Convert.

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International relationsEdit

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Langres is twinned with:

Template:Flagicon Beaconsfield, United Kingdom - since 1995<ref name="Archant twinning">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Template:Flagicon Ellwangen, Germany - since 1964
Template:Flagicon Abbiategrasso, Italy

GalleryEdit

Langres entry.jpg

Road sign announcing improvements to the Citadel of Langres
Langres - cathédrale Saint-Mammès - façade 2.jpg

Saint-Mammès Cathedral
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Saint-Mammès Cathedral
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Saint-Mammès Cathedral
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Saint-Mammès Cathedral
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Saint-Mammès Cathedral Cloister
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Saint-Mammès Cathedral Cloister
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Bas relief at Saint-Mammès Cathedral
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Moulins Gate
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Moulins Gate
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Moulins Gate
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Ramparts of the Citadel
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Ramparts and Funicular
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Saint-Ferjeux Tower
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Navarre and d'Orval Tower
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Navarre and d'Orval Tower
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Navarre and d'Orval Tower ceiling framework
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Navarre and d'Orval Tower torch holder
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Navarre and d'Orval Tower torch holder
Langres - tour de Navarre et d'Orval - gargouille.jpg

Navarre and d'Orval Tower gargoyle
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Navarre and d'Orval Tower
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Navarre and d'Orval Tower
Langres - tour de Navarre et d'Orval - niveau intermediaire 2.jpg

Navarre and d'Orval Tower
Langres - tour de Navarre et d'Orval - puits.jpg

Navarre and d'Orval Tower well
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Navarre and d'Orval Tower vaulted arch
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Former Jesuit College
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Renaissance cellar
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Entrance to City Hall
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Statue of Denis Diderot
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Renaissance period mansion
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Renaissance period mansion
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Henriot Square
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Saint-Martin Church