Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Use British English
Template:Infobox ship imageTemplate:Infobox ship careerTemplate:Infobox ship characteristicsHMS Launceston Castle (K397) was a Template:Sclass2 of the United Kingdom's Royal Navy, named after Launceston Castle in Cornwall. The ship was constructed during the Second World War and saw service primarily as a convoy escort.
DesignEdit
The Template:Sclass2s were an improved and enlarged derivative of the earlier Template:Sclass2s, which was intended to be built by shipyards that could not build the larger and more capable frigates. The greater length of the Castles gave made them better seaboats than the Flowers, which were not originally designed for ocean escort work. Large numbers (96 in total) were ordered in late 1942 and early 1943 from shipyards in the United Kingdom and Canada, but Allied successes in the Battle of the Atlantic meant that the requirement for escorts was reduced, and many ships (including all the Canadian ones) were cancelled.<ref name="fried p156">Template:Harvnb</ref><ref name="brownp136">Template:Harvnb</ref>
The Castles were Template:Convert long overall, Template:Convert at the waterline and Template:Convert between perpendiculars. Beam was Template:Convert and draught was Template:Convert aft at full load.<ref name="Fried p324">Template:Harvnb</ref> Displacement was about Template:Convert standard and Template:Convert full load.<ref name="conways22p63">Template:Harvnb</ref> Two Admiralty Three-drum water tube boilers fed steam to a vertical triple expansion engine rated at Template:Convert which drove a single propeller shaft. This gave a speed of Template:Convert.<ref name="conways22p63"/> 480 tons of oil were carried, giving a range of Template:Convert at Template:Convert.<ref name="ellp205">Template:Harvnb</ref>
The ships had a main gun armament of a single QF 4-inch Mk XIX dual-purpose gun, backed up by two twin and two single Oerlikon 20 mm cannon.<ref name="ellp205"/> Anti-submarine armament consisted of a single triple-barrelled Squid anti-submarine mortar with 81 depth charges backed up by two depth charge throwers and a single depth charge rail, with 15 depth charges carried. Type 272 or Type 277 surface search radar was fitted, as was high-frequency direction finding (HF/DF) gear. The ships' sonar outfit was Type 145 and Type 147B.<ref name="atlanp126-7">Template:Harvnb</ref>
The small size and slow speed of the Castles meant that they were considered obsolete post-war, and they underwent limited modifications, with armament changes limited to replacing the twin 20mm mounts with single 40 mm Bofors mounts.<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref> Launceston Castle had been modified to this standard by 1953.<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref>
Service historyEdit
Launceston Castle was ordered on 19 January 1943, one of 14 Castle-class corvettes ordered that day (of which three were cancelled and two completed as rescue ships). The ship was laid down at Blyth Shipbuilding's Blyth, Northumberland shipyard as Yard number 295 on 27 May 1943, with the ship's machinery being built by White's Marine Engineering Company at Hebburn.<ref name="Friedp344">Template:Harvnb</ref><ref name="castlep215">Template:Harvnb</ref><ref name="s&s">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Launceston Castle was launched on 27 November 1943 and completed on 20 June 1944, and was allocated the Pennant number K397.<ref name="Friedp344"/> She was the first Royal Navy ship to be called Launceston Castle.<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref>
In the Second World War she carried out convoy escort duties and anti-submarine patrols in the Western Approaches, the English Channel and the North Sea.<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref> After commissioning, Launceston Castle joined Escort Group B4.<ref name="castlep2156">Template:Harvnb</ref><ref>Template:Harvnb</ref> In August 1944, Escort Group B4 was redesignated as the 30th Escort Group commanded by Denys Rayner, who carried his flag on board Template:HMS.<ref name="castlep2156"/><ref>Template:Harvnb</ref> On 11 November 1944, Launceston Castle, along with sister ships of the 30th Escort Group, Pevensey Castle, Template:HMS and Template:HMS, carried out a series of attacks against a sonar target with Squid and depth charges off the south of Ireland, bringing up oil and a large air bubble, and were credited with sinking the submarine, which was later identified as the Template:GS.<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref><ref>Template:Harvnb</ref> In 1999, however, the wreck of U-1200 was found south-east of Start Point, Devon, with the cause of the submarine's loss uncertain. The 30th Escort Group is now believed to have attacked a non-submarine target.<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> On 15 November and 26–29 December, 30 Escort Group, including Launceston Castle made more attacks against suspected submarine targets.<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref>
Launceston Castle continued to serve with the 30th Escort Group for the rest of the war in Europe, but in July–October 1945, was employed on air-sea rescue duties operating out of Freetown,<ref name="castlep2156"/> patrolling on the expected routes of flights repatriating American troops.<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref> In 1947, the ship went into reserve at Devonport.<ref name="cp41">Template:Harvnb</ref> In 1948, the Castle-class were redesignated from 'Corvettes' to 'Frigates (2nd Rate)', and so Launceston CastleTemplate:'s pennant number changed from K397 to F397.<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref> The frigate was refitted at Bristol in 1949.<ref name="cp41"/><ref name="castlep218">Template:Harvnb</ref>
In October 1951, after a refit at Falmouth, Cornwall,<ref name="cp41"/> Launceston Castle joined the 2nd Training Squadron, serving as an Air Training Target Ship, working with helicopters carrying out air-sea rescue training, cooperating with anti submarine aircraft and acting as a target for submarines.<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref> In 1953 she took part in the Fleet Review to celebrate the Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II.<ref>Souvenir Programme, Coronation Review of the Fleet, Spithead, 15 June 1953, HMSO, Gale and Polden</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> After two Avro Shackleton maritime patrol aircraft of the RAF went missing on 11 January off Fastnet Rock in the Atlantic Ocean, Launceston Castle took part in search operations for the missing aircraft,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> while on 24 January that year she took part in search operations after a Fleet Air Arm Fairey Firefly ditched off Lands End.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In November 1956, Launceston Castle returned to reserve at Devonport.<ref name="cp41"/><ref name="castlep218"/> On the night on 5/6 February 1957, Launceston Castle went to the assistance of the merchant ship Holdernore, which was adrift between Skerryvore and Tiree in the Inner Hebrides off the west coast of Scotland in gale force winds, escorting Holdernore to safety in Tobermory Bay.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
In 1959, Launceston Castle was sold for scrap, arriving at J. A. White's yard at St Davids on Forth for breaking up on 3 August 1959.<ref name="castlep218"/>
ReferencesEdit
BibliographyEdit
- Template:Cite book
- Template:Cite book
- Template:Cite book.
- {{#invoke:template wrapper|{{#if:|list|wrap}}|_template=cite book
|_exclude=case, year, _debug | last1 = Colledge | first1 = J. J. | author-link1= J. J. Colledge | last2 = Warlow | first2 = Ben | date = 2006 | orig-date = 1969 | title = Ships of the Royal Navy: {{#if:|The Complete Record of All Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy|The Complete Record of all Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy}} | edition = Rev. | location = London | publisher = Chatham Publishing | isbn = 978-1-86176-281-8
}}