Eth

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Eth (Template:IPAc-en Template:Respell, uppercase: ⟨Ð⟩, lowercase: ⟨ð⟩; also spelled edh or ), known as {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} in Old English,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> is a letter used in Old English, Middle English, Icelandic, Faroese (in which it is called {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}), and Elfdalian.

It was also used in Scandinavia during the Middle Ages, but was subsequently replaced with Template:Angbr, and later Template:Angbr.

It is often transliterated as Template:Angbr.

The lowercase version has been adopted to represent a voiced dental fricative (IPA: Template:IPAblink) in the International Phonetic Alphabet.

FaroeseEdit

In Faroese, Template:Angbr is not assigned to any particular phoneme and appears mostly for etymological reasons, but it indicates most glides. When Template:Angbr appears before Template:Angbr, it is in a few words pronounced {{#invoke:IPA|main}}. In the Faroese alphabet, Template:Angbr follows Template:Angbr.

KhmerEdit

Template:Angbr is sometimes used in Khmer romanization to represent {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} Template:Transliteration.

IcelandicEdit

In Icelandic, Template:Angbr, called "eð", represents an alveolar non-sibilant fricative, voiced Template:IPAblink intervocalically and word-finally, and voiceless Template:IPAblink otherwise, which form one phoneme, {{#invoke:IPA|main}}. Generally, {{#invoke:IPA|main}} is represented by thorn Template:Angbr at the beginning of words and by Template:Angbr elsewhere. The Template:Angbr in the name of the letter is devoiced in the nominative and accusative cases: {{#invoke:IPA|main}}. In the Icelandic alphabet, Template:Angbr follows Template:Angbr.

NorwegianEdit

In Olav Jakobsen Høyem's version of {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} based on {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, Template:Angbr was always silent, and was introduced for etymological reasons.

Old EnglishEdit

In Old English, Template:Angbr (called {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) was used interchangeably with Template:Angbr to represent the Old English dental fricative phoneme Template:IPAslink or its allophone Template:IPAblink, which exist in modern English as the voiceless and voiced dental fricatives both now spelled Template:Angbr.

Unlike the runic letter Template:Angbr, Template:Angbr is a modified Roman letter. Neither Template:Angbr nor Template:Angbr was found in the earliest records of Old English. A study of Mercian royal diplomas found that Template:Angbr began to emerge in the early 8th century, with Template:Angbr becoming strongly preferred by the 780s.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> Another source indicates that the letter is "derived from Irish writing".<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Under the reign of King Alfred the Great, Template:Angbr grew greatly in popularity and started to overtake Template:Angbr, and did so completely by the Middle English period. Template:Angbr in turn went obsolete by the Early Modern English period, mostly due to the rise of the printing press,<ref name=Hill>Template:Cite book</ref> and was replaced by the digraph Template:Angbr.

WelshEdit

Template:Angbr has also been used by some in written Welsh to represent {{#invoke:IPA|main}}, which is normally represented as Template:Angbr.<ref>Template:Citation.</ref>

Phonetic transcriptionEdit

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Computer encoding Edit

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Upper and lower case forms of eth have Unicode encodings:

These Unicode codepoints were inherited from ISO/IEC 8859-1 ("ISO Latin-1") encoding.

Modern usesEdit

See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

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Further readingEdit

External linksEdit

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