Independence Rock

Template:Short description Template:For Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox NRHP Independence Rock is a large granite rock, approximately Template:Convert high, Template:Convert long, and Template:Convert wide, which is in southwestern Natrona County, Wyoming along Wyoming Highway 220. During the middle of the 19th century, it formed a prominent and well-known landmark on the Oregon, Mormon, and California emigrant trails. Many of these emigrants carved their names on it, and it was described by early missionary and explorer Father Pierre-Jean De Smet in 1840 as the Register of the Desert.<ref name=map>Template:Cite map</ref> The site was designated a National Historic Landmark on January 20, 1961<ref name=nhlsum/> and is now part of Independence Rock State Historic Site, owned and operated by the state of Wyoming.

Description

The rock is a large rounded monolith of Archean granite typical of the surrounding region and is an isolated peak at the southeast end of the Granite Mountains. Its appearance is somewhat like the rounded Enchanted Rock of Texas or Uluru in Australia (formerly known as Ayers Rock), although smaller in size. It is located in the high plateau region of central Wyoming, north of the Sentinel Rocks ridge and adjacent to the Sweetwater River.<ref>Independence Rock, Wyoming, 7.5 Minute Topographic Quadrangle, USGS, 1951</ref> It is accessible from a rest area on Wyoming Highway 220, approximately Template:Convert northeast of Muddy Gap and Template:Convert south-west of Casper.

History

The rock derives its name from the fact that it lies directly along the route of the Emigrant Trail. Pioneering wagon parties bound for Oregon or California usually left the Missouri River in the early spring and hoped to reach the rock by July 4 (Independence Day in the United States), in order to reach their destinations before the first mountain snowfalls. It was likely named prior to 1830.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> John C. Frémont camped a mile below this site on August 1, 1843 and made this entry in the journal of his 1843–1844 expedition:<ref>Fremont, John, et al., Report of the exploring expedition to the Rocky Mountains in the year 1842, Gales and Seaton, printers, 1845</ref>

Everywhere within six or eight feet of the ground, where the surface is sufficiently smooth, and in some places sixty or eighty feet above, the rock is inscribed with the names of travelers. Many a name famous in the history of this country, and some well known to science, are to be found among those of traders and travelers.

Fremont carved a large cross into the rock monolith, which was blasted off the rock on July 4, 1847 by hundreds of California and Oregon emigrants who had gathered on the site.<ref name=Guide>Wyoming: A Guide to Its History, Highways and People (American Guide Series), Native American Books Distributor, 2007, pp. 386-7 Template:ISBN</ref> Some Protestants considered the cross to be a symbol of the Pope and Catholicism.<ref name=Guide/> John Frémont was actually a member of the United States Episcopal Church.<ref>Bigelow, John, Memoir Of The Life And Public Services Of John Charles Fremont, Kessinger Publishing, 2006, p. 465 Template:ISBN</ref>

On July 4, 1862, Independence Rock was the site of Wyoming's first Masonic Lodge meeting.<ref name=map />

Gallery

• Independence rock names 1.jpg

  Names right on Independence Rock, particularly of R. McCord in 1850

• Independence rock names 2.jpg

  Names carved on Independence Rock, particularly of W.R.R. Thompson, W. Pierce, J. Ware and J.S.O. Ward in 1861

• Oregon Trail's Independence Rock 1870.gif

  Independence Rock in 1870

• Indepencerocksign2011.jpg

  A sign in front of Independence Rock describing the history of site, taken in 2011.

• Independence Rock, Wyoming, USA, July 2015.jpg

  Independence Rock in 2015

External links

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