A Murphy bed (also known as a pull-down bed, fold-down bed, or wall bed) is a bed that is hinged at one end to store vertically against the wall, or inside a closet or cabinet. Since they often can be used as both a bed or a closet, Murphy beds are multifunctional furniture.
HistoryEdit
Template:Multiple image The Murphy bed is named after William Lawrence Murphy (1876–1957), president of the Murphy Bed and Door Company.<ref>Template:Cite news Template:Open access</ref><ref>Template:Cite news Template:Open access</ref>
Pre-Murphy folding bedsEdit
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Under the name "bureau bedstead" the fold-up bed appeared in the eighteenth century, but never gained popularity. When closed, the bed looked like a bureau with fake drawers, hence the name. Gloag points to three eighteenth century pieces: one manufactured by Gillows of Lancaster and London in 1788, another one advertised by John TaylorTemplate:Which in 1769, and the third one with a description published in the Prices for Cabinet Work in 1797.Template:Sfn
A foldup bed was exhibited in the US by Sarah E. Goode in 1884,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and foldup beds were offered through the Sears, Roebuck & Co. catalog in 1895,<ref name="sf">Template:Citation</ref>Template:Obsolete source before Murphy's inventions.
MurphyEdit
Murphy applied for his first patents around 1900. According to legend, he was wooing an opera singer, but living in a one-room apartment in San Francisco, and the moral code of the time frowned upon a woman entering a man's bedroom. Murphy's invention converted his bedroom into a parlor, enabling him to entertain.<ref name="smithsonian">Template:Citation</ref>Template:Obsolete source
Murphy introduced pivot and counterbalanced designs for which he received a series of patents, including one for a "Disappearing Bed" on June 18, 1912,<ref name="ptodb">Template:Citation</ref> and another for a "Design for a Bed" on June 27, 1916.<ref name="ptodfb">Template:Citation</ref>
Murphy beds are used for space-saving purposes, much like trundle beds, and are popular where floor space is limited, such as small houses, apartments, hotels, mobile homes and college dormitories. In recent years, Murphy bed units have included options such as lighting, storage cabinets, and office components. They saw a resurgence in popularity in the early 2010s due to the weak economy, with children moving back in with their parents and families choosing to renovate homes rather than purchasing larger ones.<ref name="philly">Template:Citation</ref>
In 1989, the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit ruled that the term "Murphy Bed" had entered common usage so thoroughly that it was no longer eligible for trademark protection.<ref name="lat">Template:Citation</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Designs and modelsEdit
Few Murphy beds have box springs. Instead, the mattress usually lies on a wood platform or wire mesh and is held in place so as not to sag when in a closed position. The mattress is attached to the bed frame, often with elastic straps to hold the mattress in position when the unit is folded upright. Pistons-lifts or torsion springs make modern Murphy beds easy to lower and raise.
Since the first model several other variations and designs have been created, including: sideways-mounted Murphy beds, Murphy bunk beds, and solutions that include other functions. Murphy beds exist with tables or desks that fold down when the bed is folded up, and there are also models with sofas and shelving solutions.
RisksEdit
If not secured or used properly, a Murphy bed could collapse on the operator. A 1945 court case in Illinois found that a tenant assumed the risk of injury from a wall bed installed in a rented inn room.<ref>Robert A. Tingler, "Assumption of the Risk in Illinois". Chicago-Kent Law Review 44 (1967), pp. 180-191, at p. 187, discussing Duncan v. Chelsea Hotel Co., 326 Ill App. 241, 61 N.E.2d 769 (1st Dist. 1945).</ref> In 1982, a drunk man suffocated inside a closed Murphy bed,<ref>Man Dies Inside Murphy Bed. Wilmington Morning Star (Wilmington, North Carolina), June 15, 1982.</ref> and two women were entrapped and suffocated by an improperly installed wall bed in 2005.<ref>Sisters Died after Folding Bed Collapsed Entombing Them for Four Days. Telegraph, December 18, 2009.</ref> A 2014 lawsuit alleged that a defective Murphy bed led to the death of a Staten Island man.<ref>Defective Murphy bed killed Staten Island man, lawsuit alleges. Staten Island Live, April 7, 2014.</ref><ref>‘Defective’ Murphy Bed Killed Man, Lawsuit Claims. Huffington Post, April 8, 2014.</ref> In April 2022, Bestar Wall Beds of Quebec, Canada, recalled 129,000 beds in the United States and 53,000 beds in Canada after a 79-year-old woman was killed and 60 others injured by falling beds.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Later that year, Cyme Tech, also of Quebec, Canada, recalled 8,200 beds after 146 reports of falling beds resulting in 62 injuries.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
In popular cultureEdit
Murphy beds were a common setup for comic scenes in early cinema, including in silent films. The earliest known film to feature a Murphy bed is the lost 1900 Biograph Company film A Bulletproof Bed, which was remade in 1903 by Edison Pictures as the extant film Subub Surprises the Burglar.<ref name=funnyparts>Anthony Balducci, The Funny Parts: A History of Film Comedy Routines and Gags. McFarland, 2012, pp. 168–77.</ref> It was a recurrent slapstick element in many Keystone Studios productions of the 1910s, including Cursed by His Beauty (1914), Fatty's Reckless Fling (1915), He Wouldn't Stay Down (1915), and Bath Tub Perils (1916).<ref name=funnyparts/> Charlie Chaplin's 1916 One AM also features an exaggerated encounter with a Murphy bed.
Murphy beds were a routine enough feature of comic film to invite commentary from retailers. One store based in Vancouver, British Columbia remarked in an advertisement, "Gone are the days of Laurel and Hardy where the beds were portrayed as a fold away trap for your worst enemies."<ref name=funnyparts/>
In comics, the Murphy bed is depicted in the Tintin book Red Rackham's Treasure as being an invention of Professor Calculus.
In British comedy The Goodies, the Goodies sleep on Murphy beds.