Template:Short description Template:Redirect Template:Use dmy dates Template:Use list-defined references Template:Infobox OS FreeDOS (formerly PD-DOS) is a free software operating system for IBM PC compatible computers. It intends to provide a complete MS-DOS-compatible environment for running legacy software and supporting embedded systems.<ref name="homepage"/> FreeDOS can be booted from a floppy disk or USB flash drive<ref name="Franske_2007_USB" /><ref name="FreeDOS_Floppy" /> and is designed to run well under virtualization or x86 emulation.<ref name="Gallagher_2014" />
The FreeDOS project began under Jim Hall in 1994, and the first stable version was released in 2006. Unlike most versions of MS-DOS,<ref name="Turner_2018"/> FreeDOS is composed of free software, licensed under the terms of the GNU General Public License.<ref name="FDOS_2021"/> However, other packages that form part of the FreeDOS project include non-GPL software considered worthy of preservation, such as 4DOS, which is distributed under a modified MIT License.<ref name="4DOS"/>
DistributionEdit
FreeDOS 1.1, released on 2 January 2012,<ref name="freedos" /> is available for download as a CD-ROM image: a limited install disc that only contains the kernel and basic applications, and a full disc that contains many more applications (games, networking, development, etc.), not available Template:As of but with a newer, fuller 1.2.<ref name="freedos files" /> The legacy version 1.0 (2006) consisted of two CDs, one of which was an 8 MB install CD targeted at regular users and the other which was a larger 49 MB live CD that also held the source code of the project.<ref name="freedos files" />
Commercial usesEdit
FreeDOS is used by several companies:
- Dell preloaded FreeDOS with its n-series desktops to reduce their cost. The firm has been criticized for making these machines no cheaper, and harder to buy, than identical systems with Windows.<ref name="Vance_2005_Dell" />
- Hewlett-Packard provided FreeDOS as an option in its HP Compaq dc5750 Small Form Factor PC, Mini 5101 netbooks and Probook laptops.<ref name="Hewlett-Packard_2012" /><ref name="EWeek_2009_HP" /><ref name="McCracken_2009" /> FreeDOS is also used as bootable media for updating the BIOS firmware in HP systems.<ref name="HP_2010" />
- FreeDOS is included by Steve Gibson's hard drive maintenance and recovery program, SpinRite.<ref name="Goldstein_2004_SpinRite" />
- Intel's Solid-State Drive Firmware Update Tool loaded the FreeDOS kernel.<ref name="Intel_SATA" />
- Many motherboard vendors recommend a bootable FreeDOS for running low level BIOS and firmware updates.
Non-commercial usesEdit
FreeDOS is also used in multiple independent projects:
- FED-UP is the Floppy Enhanced DivX Universal Player.<ref name="FloppyDivX" />
- FUZOMA is a FreeDOS-based distribution that can boot from a floppy disk and converts older computers into educational tools for children.<ref name="FUZOMA" />
- XFDOS is a FreeDOS-based distribution with a graphical user interface, porting Nano-X and FLTK.<ref name="kraileth_TK" /><ref name="kraileth_nanolinux" /><ref name="Winnie_AIM" /><ref name="Georg_HP" />
Development and version historyEdit
| Version | Status | Codename | Date | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.01 | ALPHA | Template:CNone | 16 September 1994 | |
| 0.02 | ALPHA | Template:CNone | December 1994 | |
| 0.03 | ALPHA | Template:CNone | January 1995 | |
| 0.04 | ALPHA | Template:CNone | June 1995<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
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| 0.05 | ALPHA | Template:CNone | 10 August 1996 | |
| 0.06 | ALPHA | Template:CNone | November 1997 | |
| 0.1 | BETA | Orlando | 25 March 1998 | |
| 0.2 | BETA | Marvin | 28 October 1998 | |
| 0.3 | BETA | Ventura | 21 April 1999 | |
| 0.4 | BETA | Lemur | 9 April 2000 | |
| 0.5 | BETA | Lara | 10 August 2000 | |
| 0.6 | BETA | Midnite | 18 March 2001 | |
| 0.7 | BETA | Spears | 7 September 2001 | |
| 0.8 | BETA | Nikita | 7 April 2002 | |
| 0.9 | BETA | Template:CNone | 28 September 2004 | |
| 1.0 | FINAL | Template:CNone | 3 September 2006 | |
| 1.1 | FINAL | Template:CNone | 2 January 2012 | |
| 1.2 | FINAL | Template:CNone | 25 December 2016 | |
| 1.3 | FINAL | Template:CNone | 20 February 2022 | |
| 1.4 | FINAL | Template:CNone | 5 April 2025 |
The FreeDOS project began on 29 June 1994, after Microsoft announced it would no longer sell or support MS-DOS. Jim Hall, who at the time was a student,<ref name="FLOSS" /> posted a manifesto proposing the development of PD-DOS, a public domain version of DOS.<ref name="Hall_1994_Announcement" /> Within a few weeks, other programmers including Pat Villani and Tim Norman joined the project. Between them, a kernel (by Villani), the COMMAND.COM command line interpreter (by Villani and Norman), and core utilities (by Hall) were created by pooling code they had written or found available.<ref name="linuxdevices" /><ref name="Hall_2006_About" /> For some time, the project was maintained by Morgan "Hannibal" Toal. There have been many official pre-release distributions of FreeDOS before the final FreeDOS 1.0 distribution.<ref name="FreeDOS-History" /> GNU/DOS, an unofficial distribution of FreeDOS, was discontinued after version 1.0 was released.<ref name="Adams_2005" /><ref name="Marinof_GNU/DOS" />
Blinky the Fish is the mascot of FreeDOS. He was designed by Bas Snabilie.<ref name="FD_Logo" />
CompatibilityEdit
HardwareEdit
FreeDOS requires a PC/XT machine with at least 640 kB of memory.<ref name="Lowe_2003"/> Programs not bundled with FreeDOS often require additional system resources.
MS-DOS and Win32 consoleEdit
FreeDOS is mostly compatible with MS-DOS. It supports COM executables, standard DOS executables and Borland's 16-bit DPMI executables. It is also possible to run 32-bit DPMI executables using DOS extenders. The operating system has several improvements relative to MS-DOS, mostly involving support for newer standards and technologies that did not exist when Microsoft ended support for MS-DOS, such as internationalization, or the Advanced Power Management TSRs.<ref name="Techworld"/> Furthermore, with the use of HX DOS Extender, many Windows Console applications function properly in FreeDOS, as do some rare GUI programs, like QEMM and Bochs.<ref name="Grech_2014"/>
DOS-based WindowsEdit
FreeDOS is able to run Microsoft Windows 1.0 and 2.0 releases. Windows 3.x releases, which had support for i386 processors, cannot fully be run in 386 Enhanced Mode,<ref name="Aitor_2014"/> except partially in the experimental FreeDOS kernel 2037.Template:Citation needed
Windows 95, Windows 98 and Windows Me use a stripped-down version of MS-DOS. FreeDOS cannot be used as a replacement because the undocumented interfaces between MS-DOS 7.0–8.0 and Windows "4.xx" are not emulated by FreeDOS; however, it can be installed and used beside these systems using a boot manager program, such as BOOTMGR or METAKERN included with FreeDOS.Template:Citation needed
Windows NT and ReactOSEdit
Windows NT-based operating systems, including Windows 2000, XP, Vista, 7, 8, 8.1, 10 and 11 for desktops, and Windows Server 2003, 2008 and 2008 R2 for servers, do not make use of MS-DOS as a core component of the system. These systems can make use of the FAT file systems which are used by MS-DOS and earlier versions of Windows; however, they typically use the NTFS (New Technology File System) by default for security and other reasons. FreeDOS can co-exist on these systems on a separate partition or on the same partition on FAT systems. The FreeDOS kernel can be booted by adding it to the Windows 2000 or XP's NT Boot Loader configuration file, boot.ini,<ref name="Herbert_2004"/> or the freeldr.ini equivalent for ReactOS.<ref name="ReactOS"/>
VirtualizationEdit
FreeDOS is designed to work well with virtualization software such as VirtualBox and VMware. The installation process is identical to real hardware. It is also possible to install FreeDOS on DOSBox and its derivatives. By doing so, it provides additional functionality not present in the emulator.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
File systemsEdit
FAT32 is fully supported and is the preferred format for the boot drive.<ref name="Hilpert_2015_Bootable_Stick"/> Depending on the BIOS used, up to four Logical Block Addressing (LBA) hard disks of up to 128 GB, or 2 TB, in size are supported.<ref name="Mueller_2013"/> There has been little testing with large disks, and some BIOSes support LBA, but produce errors on disks larger than 32 GB; a driver such as OnTrack or EZ-Drive resolves this problem.Template:Citation needed FreeDOS can also be used with a driver called LFNDOS to enable support for Windows 95-style long file names,<ref name="Gallagher_2014_Old-school"/> but most pre-Windows 95 programs do not support long file names, even with a driver loaded. There is no planned support for NTFS, ext2 or exFAT, but there are several external third-party drivers available for that purpose. To access ext2 file systems, LTOOLS, a counterpart to Mtools, can sometimes be used to copy data to and from ext2 file system drives.Template:Citation needed
See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
Further readingEdit
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