Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Use British English Template:More citations needed {{#invoke:Infobox|infobox}}Template:Template otherTemplate:Main other{{#invoke:Check for clobbered parameters|check|nested=1|template=Infobox company|cat=Template:Main other|name; company_name|logo; company_logo|logo_alt; alt|trade_name; trading_name|former_names; former_name|type; company_type|predecessors; predecessor|successors; successor|foundation; founded|founders; founder|defunct; dissolved|hq_location; location|hq_location_city; location_city|hq_location_country; location_country|num_locations; locations|areas_served; area_served|net_income; profit|net_income_year; profit_year|owners; owner |homepage; website }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=Template:Main other|preview=Page using Template:Infobox company with unknown parameter "_VALUE_" | ignoreblank=y | alt | area_served | areas_served | assets | assets_year | aum | brands | company_logo | company_name | company_type | defunct | dissolved | divisions | embed | equity | equity_year | fate | footnotes | former_name | former_names | foundation | founded | founder | founders | genre | homepage | hq_location | hq_location_city | hq_location_country | incorporated | image | image_alt | image_caption | image_size | image_upright | income_year | industry | ISIN | key_people | location | location_city | location_country | locations | logo | logo_alt | logo_caption | logo_class | logo_size | logo_upright | members | members_year | module | name | native_name | native_name_lang | net_income | net_income_year | num_employees | num_employees_year | num_locations | num_locations_year | operating_income | owner | owners | parent | predecessor | predecessors | production | production_year | products | profit | profit_year | rating | ratio | revenue | revenue_year | romanized_name | services | subsid | successor | successors | traded_as | trade_name | trading_name | type | website| qid | fetchwikidata | suppressfields | noicon | nocat | demo | categories }}
Singer Motors Limited was a British motor vehicle manufacturing business, originally a bicycle manufacturer founded as Singer & Co by George Singer, in 1874 in Coventry, England. Singer & Co's bicycle manufacture continued. From 1901 George Singer's Singer Motor Co made cars and commercial vehicles.
Singer Motor Co was the first motor manufacturer to make a small economy car that was a replica of a large car, showing a small car was a practical proposition.<ref Name=APB>Anne Pimlott Baker, Bullock, William Edward (1877–1968), Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004</ref> It was much more sturdily built than otherwise similar cyclecars. With its four-cylinder ten horsepower engine the Singer Ten was launched at the 1912 Cycle and Motor Cycle Show at Olympia. William Rootes, a Singer apprentice at the time of its development and consummate car-salesman, contracted to buy 50, the entire first year's supply.<ref Name=APB/> It became a best-seller.<ref Name=APB/> Ultimately, Singer's business was acquired by his Rootes Group in 1956, which continued the brand until 1970, a few years following Rootes' acquisition by the American Chrysler corporation.
HistoryEdit
BicyclesEdit
George Singer began his bicycle-making business in Coventry in 1874.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}. David Burgess Wise, p.2065, says 1875.</ref> At the time, he was foreman of the Coventry Sewing Machine Company, from which he resigned.<ref>Wise, David Burgess. "Singer: A Car for Every Purse and Purpose" in Ward, Ian, Executive Editor. The World of Automobiles (London: Orbis, 1974), Volume 18, p.2064-65.</ref> He was joined in the business by J. E. Stringer, his brother-in-law.<ref name="Wise, p.2065">Wise, p.2065.</ref> It appears Singer was inspired to produce a bicycle safer than the Ordinary (penny-farthing) type standard at the time, by cyclist George Dominy.<ref name="Wise, p.2065"/> Singer did not alter the large front and small rear wheel design of the Ordinary, but by raking the front forks (a first) did make it safer.<ref name="Wise, p.2065"/> He patented the design on 24 October 1878.<ref name="Wise, p.2065"/>
He followed this with an 1879 model having a large rear wheel and small front wheels which could be folded aside.<ref name="Wise, p.2065"/> and in 1885 with a tricycle, rear wheels driven by chain, which also featured a handbrake (designed by Singer and his associate, R. H. Lea) on the rear axle.<ref name="Wise, p.2065"/>
In about 1888, Singer introduced the Rational, a diamond-framed model with wheels the same size, each about Template:Convert diameter.<ref>Wise, p.2065-66.</ref> It also offered removable handlebars and removable rear wheel.<ref name="Wise, p.2066">Wise, p.2066.</ref> While safer, its performance suffered.<ref name="Wise, p.2066"/> Nevertheless, it proved popular with cycle tourers.<ref name="Wise, p.2066"/>
In 1895, Singer Cycle faced a £600,000 "floatation by that egregious company promoter" Terah Hooley,<ref name="Wise, p.2066"/> but survived. It also weathered an industry slump in 1898 that wiped out many British bicycle makers.<ref name="Wise, p.2066"/>
Singer Cycle Company began producing motor cars in 1901.<ref name="Wise, p.2066"/>
Engines, three-wheelers and motorcyclesEdit
Singer Cycle began motor vehicle production in 1901, purchasing the manufacturing rights to the Perks & Birch Motor Wheel, a one-cylinder engine contained in a spoked aluminium wheel,<ref name="Wise, p.2066"/> known as a motorwheel. It was a Template:Convert four-stroke designed by former Beeston employees Edwin Perks and Frank Birch. A unique feature was that the engine, fuel tank, carburettor and low-tension magneto were all housed in a two-sided cast alloy spoked wheel. It was probably the first motor bicycle to be provided with magneto ignition. It was perhaps the only motorcycle engine of its era with reliable ignition.<ref name="Wise, p.2067">Wise, p.2067.</ref> These were fitted to bicycles.<ref name="Mirco">Template:Cite book</ref> The design was used by Singer & Co in the rear wheel and then the front wheel of a trike.
In 1904, he developed a range of more conventional motorcycles which included 346 cc two strokes and, from 1911, side-valve models of 299 cc and 535 cc. In 1913 Singer & Co offered an open-frame ladies model.<ref name="IC">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Singer & Co stopped building motorcycles at the outbreak of the First World War.<ref name="Cybermotorcycle">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Motorcycle racingEdit
In 1909, Singer & Co built a series of racers and roadsters and entered several bikes in races, including the Isle of Man Senior TT in 1914.<ref name="IC" /> George E. Stanley broke the one-hour record at Brooklands race track on a Singer motorcycle in 1912, becoming the first ever rider of a 350 cc motorcycle to cover over Template:Convert in an hour.<ref name="Mirco" />
Motor carsEdit
Singer's first tricar was the Tri-Voiturette.<ref name="Wise, p.2067"/> It was powered by a Template:Convert engine, and offered in two models, the No. 1 (passenger facing backward) and Mo. 2 (passenger facing forward); both fitted the passenger seat well behind the rear axle.<ref>Wise,p.2067.</ref>
At the 1902 Cordingly Show, at the Islington Agricultural Hall, Singer showed two commercial variants of the Tri-Voiturette, the Motor Carrier, one for tradesmen, one for dairymen.<ref name="Wise, p.2067"/>
The Tri-Voiturette was replaced by another tricar, which had two front wheels and a driven rear, more horsepower, and a coachbuilt body, but with the passenger now in front of the driver.<ref name="Wise, p.2067"/>
Muriel Hind drove a Singer Tricar in the 1906 Land's End to John O'Groats Trial, with aviation pioneer Hilda Hewlett as her passenger and mechanic. She also drove a tricar in the twenty four hour London to Edinburgh Trial, again with a female passenger, making good time in torrential rain.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
The first Singer-designed car was the 4-cylinder 2.4-litre 12/14 of 1906.Template:Citation needed The engine was bought in from Aster.Template:Citation needed
Singer made their first four-wheel car in 1905. It was designed by Scottish engineer Alexander Craig and was a variant of a design he had done for Lea-Francis having a 2-cylinder Template:Convert engine.<ref name=Beaulieu>Template:Cite book</ref>
The Craig engine was replaced in 1906 by White & Poppe engines in Singer's two light car models. These were a Template:Convert twin and a 12/14 four-cylinder. These were joined by a White & Poppe-engined Doctor's Brougham and two Auster-powered tourers, a 12/14 and a 20/22.<ref name="Wise, p.2067"/>
For 1907, the Lea-Francis design was dropped and a range of two-, three- and four-cylinder models was launched, using White and Poppe engines.Template:Citation needed The Aster engined models were dropped in 1909 and a new range of larger cars introduced.Template:Citation needed All cars were now White and Poppe powered.Template:Citation needed
Singer experimented with a cyclecar, powered by a transversely-mounted aircooled engine in 1911–12.<ref name="Wise, p.2067"/> Instead, the company built a light car, the Ten, which debuted in 1912 with a Template:Convert Template:Convert four-cylinder engine;<ref>Wise, pp.2064 caption, 2067, & 2068.</ref> its main drawback was a three-speed transmission built into the rear axle.<ref name="Wise, p.2068">Wise, p.2068.</ref> The Ten was the company's first big seller.Template:Citation needed The same year, two years after George Singer's death, the "bicycle wheel" radiator emblem was deleted.<ref name="Wise, p.2067"/> That year's primary product was a 16/20, powered by a White & Poppe engine.<ref name="Wise, p.2067"/>
The use of their own power plants spread through the range until by the outbreak of the First World War all models except the low-volume 3.3-litre 20 hp were so equipped.Template:Citation needed
The Ten's performance attracted interest from former racing cyclist Lionel Martin, who bought a copy right off Singer's stand at the 1912 Olympia Motor Show.<ref name="Wise, p.2068"/> Martin gave the car a thorough going-over, improving the engine's power and raising the top speed from Template:Convert.<ref name="Wise, p.2068"/> Martin set up shop in Henniker Mews, Kensington, England, tuning the four-cylinder cars, and did a robust business.<ref name="Wise, p.2068"/> This was aided by the motor racing success of Martin's own improved Ten, in particular at the Aston Clinton hillclimb.<ref name="Wise, p.2068"/> The Ten would also be sold by William Rootes, former Singer apprentice turned dealer.<ref name="Wise, p.2068"/>
On 11 July 1914, Beatrice Blore drove a Singer Ten car up the cable track (with a gradient of 1 in 3 in places) of the Great Orme, in Llandudno, North Wales, becoming the first woman to drive up the steep and challenging headland. She was six months pregnant at the time and the drive was a publicity stunt developed by her partner George Wilkin Browne to help sell the cars at his Llandudno garage, North Wales Silver Motors. The cars were advertised for sale for £195.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Production was suspended for the First World War, then resumed afterward.<ref name="Wise, p.2068"/> Except for detail changes, the engine remained the same until the Ten ended production in 1923; the chassis was redesigned in 1921.<ref name="Wise, p.2068"/> The two-seater was priced at £395.<ref name="Wise, p.2068"/>
In 1921, Singer purchased motorcycle and cyclecar maker Coventry Premier, selling a four-wheeler of their design, powered by a Template:Convert water-cooled V-twin, for £250,<ref name="Wise, p.2068"/> under that name until 1924.<ref name=Beaulieu/> The engine was changed to a four-cylinder Singer in 1922, but the car ceased production in 1923.<ref name="Wise, p.2068"/>
In 1922, Singer's first six-cylinder was a Template:Convert of Template:Convert, with a dated fixed head.<ref name="Wise, p.2068"/> This new 15 used a chassis very similar to the 10's, and had one interesting feature, a retractable luggage rack.<ref name="Wise, p.2069">Wise, p.2069.</ref> In 1924, the 15 was offered with a Weymann fabric body.<ref name="Wise, p.2069"/> Sales of the 15 were "modest".<ref name="Wise, p.2069"/>
The 10's engine was converted to overhead valves in 1923 and monobloc, while the next year, the Ten also got a Weymann body option.<ref name="Wise, p.2069"/>
The new 10/26 replaced the older 10 in 1924.<ref name="Wise, p.2069"/> it offered a Template:Convert engine and modernized styling. It was offered in several models, from the £195 four-seat Popular to the £295 Saloon Limousine Del Luxe.<ref name="Wise, p.2069"/>
At the 1926 London Motor Show, the company debuted the Junior, powered by a Template:Convert OHV Template:Convert.<ref>Wise, pp.2066 caption & 2069.</ref> Priced from £148 10s as a four-seat tourer, it had only rear-wheel brakes to start.<ref name="Wise, p.2069"/> A racing 10 set the Brooklands lap record in 1921 at Template:Convert.<ref>Wise, p.2066 caption.</ref> Meanwhile, the 10/26 became the Template:Convert-engined Senior,<ref>Wise, p.2067 caption.</ref> joined by the new Six, powered by a Template:Convert inline six based on the 10/26's and four-wheel servo-assisted brakes from Clayton Dewandre.<ref name="Wise, p.2069"/> The same year, Singer took over Calcott Brothers.<ref name=Beaulieu/>
In the 1920s, Singer sales climbed steadily,<ref name="Wise, p.2069"/> By 1928, Singer was Britain's third largest car maker after Austin and Morris.<ref name=AZ1920>Template:Cite book</ref> Singer, restricted by a built-in site,Template:Clarify acquired other companies for factory space. In 1926, they made 9,000 cars.Template:Citation needed In 1929, with seven factories and 8,000 employees, they produced 28,000 cars,Template:Citation needed though having just 15%Template:Citation needed they trailed far behind Austin and Morris which shared 60% of the market.Template:Citation needed Hampered by their new acquisitions, the cost of new machinery and a moving assembly line in their latest acquisition, Singer's offerings were eclipsed by new models from Austin, Morris, and Hillman; from 1932, these were joined by the new Ford Model Y.<ref Name=APB/>
The Senior would be redesigned in 1928, with capacity increased to Template:Convert and an additional crankshaft main bearing added (up from two to three).<ref name="Wise, p.2069"/> And, like the Junior and Six, the track was increased.<ref name="Wise, p.2069"/> One other model was a fabric-bodied convertible saloon, the Sun.<ref name="Wise, p.2070">Wise, p.2070.</ref>
The redesign left Singer with a few hundred older chassis, which the company bodied and sold as Deliverys, at £180.<ref name="Wise, p.2070"/>
Toward the end of the year, a privateer ran a two-seat Junior up Porlock Hill one hundred times in fifteen hours, which moved Singer to rename that model the Porlock.<ref name="Wise, p.2070"/>
In 1929, a 2+2 on the Junior chassis appeared, and the Senior disappeared, while the Six gained a Template:Convert sidevalve.<ref name="Wise, p.2070"/> This was joined by a Super Six, with a Template:Convert OHV and four-speed manual transmission.<ref name="Wise, p.2070"/> This was, said The Autocar, "the most impressive Singer yet"<ref>quoted in Wise, p.2070.</ref>
The Template:Convert Template:Convert Junior of 1931, with styling resembling the top-priced saloon and a "waterfall" grille, which lent the car its common name.<ref>Wise, pp.2067 caption & 2070.</ref> The range continued in a very complex manner using developments of the ohc Junior engine, with an Template:Convert, the Ten, the sidevalve Template:Convert 12/6, the sidevalve 18/6 (now Template:Convert), and the OHV Silent-Six (now Template:Convert).<ref name="Wise, p.2070"/> At the top of the price range was the £480 Charles Frederick ‘C F’ Beauvais-designed Kaye Don saloon, built on the Silent-Six platform.<ref name="Wise, p.2070"/> Hydraulic brakes were standard, except for the Kaye Don, which relied on servo-boosted Dewandre brakes.<ref name="Wise, p.2070"/> A sliding sunshine roof was also available.<ref name="Wise, p.2070"/>
In 1932, Leo J. Shorter became chief engineer (by 1940, technical director<ref name="Wise, p.2071">Wise, p.2071.</ref>).<ref name="Wise, p.2070"/> He and two other designers created the new Sports Nine Sports, which made its debut at the London Motor Show that same year;<ref name="Wise, p.2070"/> it featured a two-bearing crankshaft engine of 972cc, which gave the car its name. Owing to manufacturing difficulties of the new bodywork, the "9" engine was fitted to a number of Junior chassis' as a stopgap until the production cars were ready, which gave rise to the incredibly rare "Junior-Nine". The production numbers are unknown, and only 8 are known to have survived.Template:Citation needed And in 1933, The Nine was joined by a new Template:Convert six-cylinder, a 1.5 Horsepower six-cylinder, and a 2-Liter six-cylinder, while the Junior was dropped and the new sidevalve-engined 12 displaced the Ten.<ref name="Wise, p.2070"/> The Sports Nine was "an immediate success"<ref name="Wise, p.2070"/> among trials racers, and Singer entered a specially-prepared version at Le Mans, which led to the Nine being commonly called the Le Mans.<ref name="Wise, p.2070"/> Singer earned an "excellent reputation" in racing before three works Nines appeared at the 1935 Ulster Tourist Trophy, where all three wrecked, all from the same cause (steering failure) and all, incredibly, at the same spot. All the drivers literally walked away unscathed, but Singer's reputation in racing was beyond repair.<ref name="Wise, p.2071"/>
In summer 1934, the Eleven was launched and was very innovative in its class by including the clutch-less "Fluidrive" Fluid coupling and Independent front suspension,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and was also offered with "aerodynamic" Airstream coachwork;<ref name="Wise, p.2071"/> the name was given independent of the Chrysler.<ref name="Wise, p.2071"/>
Independent front suspension was added to the Nine in 1935,<ref name="Wise, p.2071"/> while the larger models got Fluidrive transmissions.<ref name="Wise, p.2071"/> The new two litre Sixteen debuted that year as well, also with IFS.<ref name="Wise, p.2071"/> The Nine became the Bantam in 1935, which also debuted at the London Motor Show; it was a close copy of the Ford Model Y (a popular subject for copying), with two-bearing crankshafts and a Template:Convert engine; this, and its high £127 pricetag, made it uncompetitive.<ref name="Wise, p.2071"/> It had a two-bearing crankshaft and was the first Singer with a synchromesh gearbox,<ref name="Wise, p.2071"/> albeit with only three forward gears.<ref>History of Singer Cars – Classic Motor History Classic Motor History</ref>Template:Failed verification Continuing decline in sales led to financial trouble, and Singer attempted to cut costs, such as by switching back to mechanical brakes on the Nine in 1939.<ref name="Wise, p.2071"/>
In May 1936, W. E. Bullock, who had been managing director from 1919 together with his son, general manager from 1931, resigned following criticism from the shareholders at their annual general meeting. No longer viable, Singer & Co Limited was dissolved in December 1936 and what had been its business was transferred to a new company, Singer Motors Limited.<ref name=sofa/>
In 1938, the three-bearing Template:Convert OHC engine of Template:Convert was introduced,Template:Citation needed the three speed gearbox only had synchro between 2nd and top.<ref name=BofB>Template:Cite book</ref>
- Singer 10 (1919) (15476334908).jpg
1919 Ten
- 1931 Singer Junior Saloon 8 HP, Owner Kjartan Meyer who wears period attire and picks up lady companion dressed in style as well IMG 9333.JPG
1927 Junior 8
- 1927 Singer Senior 1026 Tourer.jpg
1927 Senior 10/26 tourer
- Singer Saloon probably 1798cc mfd 1929.jpg
1930 Senior
- Singer ca 2 litre ca 1933.jpg
1933 Silent Six Continental sports saloon
- 1933 Singer Nine.jpg
1933 Template:Convert Nine Sports with helmet wings
- Singer 11HP 1934 1394cc Battlesbridge 2010.JPG
1934 Eleven saloon
- Singer 1,5-Litre Le Mans 2-Seater Sports 1934.jpg
1934 Le Mans 1½-litre 2-seater Sports
Singer Motors LimitedEdit
- 1936 Singer Bantam Saloon 4331079814.jpg
1936 Bantam Nine 4-door
- Singer Bantam Roadster 6827707088.jpg
1936 Bantam Nine tourer
- Singer Bantam 9 (1939) (15476914220).jpg
1939 Bantam Nine saloon
- Singer Bantam Van (7202009778).jpg
1939 Bantam Nine van
- Singer Nine Open Sports 1939.jpg
1939 Bantam Nine Roadster
From 1938 to 1955, Singer Motors Ltd supplied new OHC engines (a few 9HP, a 10HP and numerous 12 HPs plus 4-speed gearboxes) for fitment to HRG Engineering Company's sports cars at Tolworth, Surrey - these replaced the 1.5 litre Meadows engines fitted to earlier cars.
After the Second World War, the new Roadster and the Ten and Twelve saloons all returned to production with little change. In 1948, Singer's first streamlined car appeared, the SM1500 (designed by Technical Director Shorter<ref name="Wise, p.2071"/>), which featured coil spring IFS.<ref name="Wise, p.2071"/> and a separate chassis, still using the SOHC 1500cc engin;Template:Citation needed It was, however, expensive, at £799,Template:Citation needed and hopes it would save the company proved in vain.<ref>Wise, p.2069 caption.</ref>
The SM1500 was given a traditional radiator grille and renamed the Hunter in 1954;Template:Citation needed the high-priced Hunter was equally in vain.<ref name="Wise, p.2071"/> (Though specified with an optional HRG-designedTemplate:Citation needed DOHC engine, this was likely never sold.<ref name="Wise, p.2071"/>) In the December 2011 edition of Automobile Magazine, a 1954 SM1500 was compared to an MG TD, finding the Singer the superior roadster.<ref name=classic>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- '48 Singer 9 Roadster (Hudson).JPG
1948 North American-market Nine Roadster
- Singer 4 door saloon 1432951501.jpg
1946 Super Ten
- 1949 Singer Super 12 Saloon 8431055655.jpg
1949 Super Twelve
- Singer SM1500 Saloon.JPG
1948–54 SM1500
- Singer Hunter front.jpg
1954–56 Hunter
Rootes GroupEdit
By 1955, the business was in financial difficulties and the Rootes Brothers bought it the following year. They had first handled Singer sales just before the First World War. The Singer brand was absorbed into their Rootes Group which had been an enthusiastic exponent of badge engineering since the early 1930s. The next Singer car, the Gazelle, was a more up-market Hillman Minx.<ref name="Wise, p.2071"/> which retained the pre-war designed Singer OHV engine for the I and II versions until 1958,<ref name="Wise, p.2071"/> when the IIA was given the Minx pushrod engine. The Vogue, which ran alongside the Minx/Gazelle from 1961, was based on the Hillman Super Minx with differing front end styling and more luxurious trim.Template:Citation needed
After 1958, all Singer products were mere badge-engineered models.<ref>Wise, p.2070 caption & p.2071.</ref>
By 1970, Rootes were themselves struggling financially. They had been acquired by the American Chrysler corporation, and founder (by then Sir) William Rootes had died in 1964. In April 1970, as part of a rationalisation process, the last Singer rolled off the assembly line, almost 100 years after George Singer built the first cycle.<ref>History of Singer Cars Classic Motor History</ref>Template:Failed verification The last car to carry the Singer name was an upmarket version of the rear engined Hillman Imp called the Chamois. With the take over of Rootes by Chrysler begun in 1964 and completed in 1967, many of the brands were set to vanish and use of the Singer name ended in 1970. The site of the Singer factory in Coventry is now occupied by Singer Hall, a hall of residence for Coventry University.
- Singer Gazelle V of 1964 (front).jpg
Gazelle Mark V
- 1960.singer.gazelle.arp.jpg
1960 Gazelle Convertible
- Singer Vogue 1.jpg
1962 Vogue
- Singer Chamois ca 1969.jpg
1965–70 Chamois
- Singer Vogue 1968.jpg
1968 Vogue
ModelsEdit
The main models produced<ref>Kevin Atkinson, The Singer Story, Cars, Commercial Vehicles, Bicycles, Motorcycles; Veloce Publishing Template:ISBN</ref> were:
e. & o.e.
| name | cylinders | cubic
capacity |
bore and
stroke |
tax
horsepower |
power output | years in
production |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eight/Ten | 2 sv | Template:Convert | 95 x 100 | 11.19 | - | 1905 |
| Seven/Nine | 2 sv | Template:Convert | 80 x90 | 7.94 | - | 1906–10 |
| Twelve/Fourteen | 2 sv | Template:Convert | 100 x 150 | 12.4 | - | 1906 |
| Twelve/Fourteen | 4 sv | Template:Convert | 80 x 90 | 15.87 | - | 1906–10 |
| Ten | 3 sv | Template:Convert | 80 x 90 | 11.9 | - | 1907 |
| Twelve/Fifteen | 4 sv | Template:Convert | 84 x 110 | 17.5 | - | 1907 |
| Twenty/Twenty-two | 4 sv | Template:Convert | 95 x 130 | 22.38 | - | 1907 |
| Twenty/Twenty-five | 4 sv | Template:Convert | 100 x 110 | 24.8 | - | 1908–10 |
| Sixteen | 4 sv | Template:Convert | 85 x 110 | 17.92 | - | 1909 |
| Sixteen/Twenty | 4 sv | Template:Convert | 90 x 110 | 20.09 | - | 1910 |
| Twenty/Twenty-five | 4 sv | Template:Convert | 100 x 150 | 24.8 | - | 1910 |
| Fifteen | 4 sv | Template:Convert | 80 x 130 | 15.87 | - | 1911–14 |
| Twenty | 4 sv | Template:Convert | 90 x 130 | 20.09 | - | 1911–15 |
| Fourteen | 4 sv | Template:Convert | 78 x 125 | 15.09 | - | 1912–14 |
| Ten | 4 sv | Template:Convert | 63 x 88 | 9.84 | - | 1912–16 |
| Twenty-five | 4 sv | Template:Convert | 100 x 130 | 24.8 | - | 1913–14 |
| Senior | 4 sv | Template:Convert | 80 x 130 | 15.87 | Template:Convert @ 2,150 rpm | 1915 |
- World War I
| name | cylinders | cubic
capacity |
bore and
stroke |
tax
horsepower |
power output | years in
production |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ten | 4 sv | Template:Convert | 63 x 88 | 9.84 | - | 1919–23 |
| Fifteen | 6 sv | Template:Convert | 65 x 100 | 15.72 | - | 1921—1925 |
| Ten/Twenty-six | 4 ohv | Template:Convert | 63 x 105 | 9.84 | - | 1925–27 |
| Eight | 4 | Template:Convert | 56 x 86 | 7.78 | - | 1926 |
| Junior | 4 sohc | Template:Convert | - | 1926–35 | ||
| Fourteen/Thirty-four | 6 ohv | Template:Convert | 63 x 95 | 14.76 | - | 1926 |
| Fourteen/Thirty-four | 6 ohv | Template:Convert | 65 x 90 | 15.72 | - | 1926 |
| Six | 6 | - | 1927 | |||
| Eight Junior | 4 ohc | Template:Convert | 56 x 86 | 7.78 | Template:Convert @ 3,250 rpm | 1927–32 |
| Ten | 4 | Template:Convert | 65 x 95 | 10.48 | - | 1927–32 |
| Senior | 4 | Template:Convert | 69 x 105 | 11.81 | 1927–30 | |
| Singer 16 | 6 ohv | Template:Convert | 65.5 x 95 | 15.96 | - | 1929 |
| Senior Six(Light Six) | 6 sv | Template:Convert | 65 x 90 | 15.72 | - | 1930—31 |
| Super Six | 6 ohv | Template:Convert | 65.5 x 95 | 15.96 | - | 1930–31 |
| 2-litre | 6 sohc | Template:Convert | 69.5 x 90 | 17.97 | Template:Convert @ 3,600 rpm | 1933 |
| Nine | 4 sohc | Template:Convert | 60 x 86 | 8.93 | Template:Convert @ 4,800 rpm | 1933–37 |
| Nine Le Mans | 4 sohc | Template:Convert | 60 x 86 | 8.93 | Template:Convert @ 4,500 rpm | 1935–36 |
| Nine Special Speed | 4 sohc | Template:Convert | 60 x 86 | 8.93 | Template:Convert @ 5,000 rpm | 1935 |
| Twelve | 4 sohc | Template:Convert | 69.5 x 95 | 11.98 | Template:Convert @ 3,600 rpm | 1933–35 |
| 1½ litre Le Mans | 6 sohc | Template:Convert | 59 x 91 | 12.95 | Template:Convert @ 4,600 rpm | 1933–37 |
| Fourteen Six | 6 sohc | Template:Convert | 60 x 95 | 13.39 | - | 1933 |
| Silent Six | 6 sohc | Template:Convert | 69.5 x 95 | 17.97 | - | 1934 |
| Continental | 6 sohc | Template:Convert | 69.5 x 95 | 17.97 | - | 1934 |
| Kaye Don Special | 6 sohc | Template:Convert | 69.5 x 95 | 17.97 | - | 1934 |
| Eleven fluidrive | 4 sohc | Template:Convert | 66.5 x 105 | 11 | Template:Convert @ 4,000 rpm | 1934–37 |
| Eleven Airstream | 4 sohc | Template:Convert | 69.5 x 105 | 11.98 | Template:Convert @ 4,000 rpm | 1934–36 |
| Sixteen Six ifs fluidrive | 6 sohc | Template:Convert | 65 x 100 | 15.72 | - | Aug 1934 onward |
| Silent Six | 6 sohc | Template:Convert | - | 1934 onward | ||
| Bantam Nine | 4 sohc | Template:Convert | 60 x 86 | 8.93 | Template:Convert @ 4,200 rpm | 1936–38 |
——————————————————————————————————————————————
- December 1936: Singer & Co Limited dissolved;
business transferred to Singer Motors Limited<ref name=sofa>Scheme of Arrangement, The Times, Thursday, 10 December 1936; pg. 21; Issue 47554; col G</ref><ref>High Court of Justice, Chancery Division, The Times, Friday, 11 December 1936; pg. 31; Issue 47555; col D</ref>
——————————————————————————————————————————————
| name | cylinders | cubic
capacity |
bore and
stroke |
tax
horsepower |
power output | years in
production |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Twelve | 4 sohc | Template:Convert | 68 x 105 | 11.47 | 1937–39 | |
| Bantam Nine | 4 sohc | Template:Convert | 60 X 95 | 8.93 | Template:Convert @ 4,200 rpm | 1938–40 |
| Nine | 4 sohc | Template:Convert | 60 X 95 | 8.93 | Template:Convert @ 4,200 rpm | 1938–1947 |
| Ten | 4 sohc | Template:Convert | 63.25 x 95 | 9.92 | Template:Convert @ 5,000 rpm | 1938–48 |
| Super Ten | 4 sohc | Template:Convert | 63.25 x 95 | 9.92 | Template:Convert @ 5,000 rpm | 1938–48 |
| 9 Roadster | 4 sohc | Template:Convert | 60 x 95 | 8.93 | Template:Convert @ 5,000 rpm | 1939–40
1946–49 |
- World War II
| name | cylinders | cubic
capacity |
bore and
stroke |
tax
horsepower |
power output | years in
production |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Super Twelve | 4 sohc | Template:Convert | 68 x 105 | 11.47 | Template:Convert @ 4,000 rpm | 1947–1949 |
| 9 Roadster series 4A | 4 sohc | Template:Convert | 60 x 95 | - | Template:Convert @ 5,000 rpm | 9/1949–10/50 |
| 9 Roadster series 4AB | 4 sohc | Template:Convert | 60 x 95 | - | Template:Convert @ 5,000 rpm | 10/1950–1/53 |
| 9 Roadster series 4AC | 4 sohc | Template:Convert | Template:Convert @ 4,200 rpm | 1950–1953 | ||
| SM Roadster series 4AD | 4 sohc | Template:Convert | 73 x 89.4 | - | Template:Convert @ 4,600 rpm | 1951–1955 |
| SM1500 saloon | 4 sohc | Template:Convert | 68 x 105 | 11.47 | Template:Convert @ 4,000 rpm | 1948–51 |
| SM1500 saloon | 4 sohc | Template:Convert | 73 x 89.4 | - | Template:Convert @ 4,600 rpm | 1951–54 |
| ½ ton Utility circa 1952 <ref>Dominion Motors advertisement for Singer Cars and Utilities, Sydney Morning Herald, Tuesday, 1 April 1952, page 8 Retrieved from trove.nla.gov.au on 19 July 2012</ref> | 4 sohc | Template:Convert | 73 x 89.4 | - | - | circa 1952 |
| Hunter | 4 sohc | Template:Convert | 73 x 89.4 | - | Template:Convert @ 4,600 rpm | 1954–56 |
| Hunter 75 | 4 sohc | Template:Convert | 73 x 89.4 | - | Template:Convert @ 5,250 rpm | 1955–56 |
| SMX prototype | 4 sohc | Template:Convert | 73 x 89.4 | - | Template:Convert @ 4,500 rpm | 1956 |
——————————————————————————————————————————————
- December 1955: Singer Motors joins Rootes Group<ref>Rootes To Take Over Singers Improved Offer Accepted, Vote After Warning On Bank Account The Times, Friday, 30 December 1955; pg. 8; Issue 53415; col B</ref>
——————————————————————————————————————————————
| name | cylinders | cubic
capacity |
bore and
stroke |
tax
horsepower |
power output | years in
production |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gazelle I | 4 sohc | Template:Convert | 73 x 89.4 | Template:Convert @ 4,500 rpm | 1956–57 | |
| Gazelle II | 4 sohc | Template:Convert | 73 x 89.4 | Template:Convert @ 4,500 rpm | 1957–58 | |
| Gazelle IIA | 4 ohv | Rootes engine | 79 x 76.2 | Template:Convert @ 4,500 rpm | 1958 | |
| Gazelle III | 4 ohv | Template:Convert | 79 x 76.2 | Template:Convert @ 4,500 rpm | 1958–59 | |
| Gazelle IIIA | 4 ohv | Template:Convert | 79 x 76.2 | Template:Convert @ 4,600 rpm | 1959–60 | |
| Gazelle IIIB | 4 ohv | Template:Convert | 79 x 76.2 | Template:Convert @ 4,500 rpm | 1960–61 | |
| Gazelle IIIC | 4 ohv | Template:Convert | 81.5 x 76.2 | Template:Convert @ 4,100 rpm | 1961–63 | |
| Gazelle V | 4 ohv | Template:Convert | 81.5 x 76.2 | Template:Convert @ 4,100 rpm | 1963–65 | |
| Gazelle VI | 4 ohv | Template:Convert | 81.5 x 76.2 | Template:Convert @ 4,200 rpm | 1965–67 | |
| New Gazelle | 4 ohv | Template:Convert | 81.5 x 76.2 | Template:Convert @ 4,800 rpm
Template:Convert @ 5,000 rpm |
1967–70 | |
| Vogue I | 4 ohv | Template:Convert | 81.5 x 76.2 | Template:Convert @ 4,800 rpm | 1961–62 | |
| Vogue II | 4 ohv | Template:Convert | 81.5 x 76.2 | Template:Convert @ 4,800 rpm | 1963–64 | |
| Vogue III | 4 ohv | Template:Convert | 81.5 x 76.2 | Template:Convert @ 5,000 rpm | 1964–65 | |
| Vogue IV | 4 ohv | Template:Convert | 81.5 x 82.55 | Template:Convert @ 5,000 rpm | 1965–66 | |
| New Vogue | 4 ohv | Template:Convert | 81.5 x 82.55 | Template:Convert @ 5,000 rpm | 1966–70 | |
| Chamois | 4 ohv | Template:Convert | 68 x 60.375 | Template:Convert @ 5,000 | 1965–70 |
See alsoEdit
NotesEdit
SourcesEdit
_Ltd.,_Coventry._Directors%27_Report,_31_July,_1910.jpg){kind=link}
- Kevin Atkinson The Singer Story, Cars, Commercial Vehicles, Bicycles, Motorcycles; Veloce Publishing Template:ISBN
- Wise, David Burgess. "Singer: A Car for Every Purse and Purpose" in Ward, Ian, Executive Editor. The World of Automobiles, Volume 18, pp. 2064-71. London: Orbis, 1974.
External linksEdit
- Singer Owners' Club
- Singer Motor Club
- North American Singer Owners Club
- Automobilemag.com; Singer Motors
- Singer Senior 1927
- Singer Six 1929
- Singer Super Six 1931
- Youtube.com: "O'Toole and the blue Singer."
Template:Rootes Group Template:British Car Industry Template:British motorcycle manufacturers Template:Chrysler Holding LLC