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Anguloa, commonly known as tulip orchids, is a small orchid genus closely related to Lycaste. Its abbreviation in horticulture is Ang. This genus was described by José Antonio Pavón and Hipólito Ruiz López in 1798. They named it in honor of Francisco de Angulo, Director-General of Mines of Spain.<ref>Angulo, Francisco. DB~e. La Real Academia de la Historia. [1]</ref>
This genus is found on the forest floor at high elevations from Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia and Peru.<ref name="tammy">Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families</ref><ref>Oakeley, Henry F. (1999) Anguloa: The species, the hybrids and a checklist of Angulocastes. Orchid Digest 63(4: Supplement) 1–32. Online version</ref><ref>Dr. Henry F. Oakeley, 2008 : Lycaste, Ida and Anguloa: The Essential Guide</ref> Anguloa is closely related to Lycaste and Ida, and can hybridize with Lycaste.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite journal</ref>
DescriptionEdit
Tulip orchids are rather large terrestrial and sometimes epiphytic plants with fleshy pseudobulbs longer than 20 cm. The long, lanceolate and plicate leaves of a full-grown Anguloa can be more than 1 m long. Two to four leaves grow from the base of each pseudobulb. The leaves are deciduous, and are shed at the start of each new growth.Template:Citation needed
The flowers of these orchids have a strong scent of cinnamon. They are of waxy appearance and are (in wild species) either of two colors, depending on the species – greenish white, or yellow to red. A single flower per inflorescence arises from the base of each new pseudobulb. The white tulip orchids have six inflorescences per pseudobulb, the other can produce up to twelve inflorescences. The sepals have a bulbous shape, resembling a tulip; hence the common name. The lip is three-lobed. The column has four pollinia.Template:Citation needed
PollinationEdit
When touched, the lip of the flower rocks back and forth inside the cup-shaped flower as if the lip was a child in a cradle. As a result, it is sometimes known as a cradle orchid. Similarly, it has been known in Columbia as cuna de Venus (cradle of Venus). When an orchid bee pollinator lands on the opening of the flower, its weight tips the flower forwards, and the lip moves down to allow the bee inside the flower. Having moved into the flower, the change in the centre of gravity tips the flower back, flipping the lip upwards, pressing the bee against the rostellum and sticky pollinia. On a return visit, the same maneuver presses the pollinia into the flower's stigma.<ref name=":0" />
SpeciesEdit
The genus is split into two sections. Section Guoloanga includes the yellow and red anguloas such as A. clowesii, A. hohenlohii, A. brevilabris, A. dubia, while section Euanguloa includes the white anguloas such as A. uniflora, A. eburnea, A. virginalis, and A. tognettiae.<ref name=":0" />
There are 13 species of tulip orchids, including 4 apparently of hybrid origin though established in the wild. Other hybrid tulip orchids are bred by horticulturalists, but do not occur in the wild. The following are currently accepted as of May 2014:<ref name="tammy" />
| Image | Name | Described by | Distribution |
|---|---|---|---|
| Anguloa × acostae (A. eburnea × A. hohenlohii) | Oakeley | Colombia | |
| File:Anguloa brevilabris.jpg | Anguloa brevilabris | Rolfe | Colombia, Peru |
| File:Anguloa cliftonii.jpg | Anguloa cliftonii | J.G.Fowler | Colombia |
| Anguloa cliftonii var. alba | Oakeley | Colombia | |
| Anguloa cliftonii var. concolor | Oakeley | Colombia | |
| File:Anguloa clowesii bloom.jpg | Anguloa clowesii | Lindl. | Venezuela and Colombia |
| Anguloa clowesii var. flava | A.DC | Venezuela and Colombia | |
| File:Anguloa dubia.jpg | Anguloa dubia | Rchb.f. | Colombia and possibly Venezuela |
| Anguloa eburnea | Linden ex B.S.Williams | Colombia, Peru, Ecuador | |
| File:Anguloa hohenlohii.jpg | Anguloa hohenlohii | C.Morren | Venezuela and Colombia |
| Anguloa hohenlohii var. macroglossa | (Schltr.) Oakeley | Colombia | |
| Anguloa × rolfei (A. brevilabris × A. cliftonii) | Sander ex Rolfe | Colombia | |
| File:Anguloa x ruckeri.jpg | Anguloa × ruckeri (A. clowesii × A. hohenlohii) | Lindl. | Colombia, Venezuela, Peru |
| File:Anguloa x speciosa.jpg | Anguloa × speciosa (A. tognettiae × A. virginalis) | Linden | Venezuela, Colombia |
| File:Anguloa tognettiae.jpg | Anguloa tognettiae | Oakeley | Venezuela and Colombia |
| File:Anguloa uniflora bloom.jpg | Anguloa uniflora | Ruiz & Pav. | Peru |
| File:Anguloa virginalis.jpg | Anguloa virginalis | Linden ex B.S.Williams | Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia |
| Anguloa virginalis var. turneri | (B.S.Williams) Oakeley | Colombia |
