Template:Short description Template:Use mdy dates Template:For Template:Infobox Russian inhabited localityAnapa (Template:Langx, Template:Langx, {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) is a town in Krasnodar Krai, Russia, located on the northern coast of the Black Sea near the Sea of Azov. As of the 2021 Russian census, it had a population of 81,863.<ref>Template:Ru-pop-ref</ref> It is one of the largest children's resorts in Russia.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
In ancient times, Anapa was the site of a major seaport and a capital of the Sindi people. In the 6th century BCE, it was settled by Greeks, who called it Gorgippia. In later centuries, the settlement came under the control of Genoa and then the Ottoman Empire. In 1781, a fortress was constructed there, which became the site of multiple sieges during the Russo-Turkish wars. It was finally annexed by the Russian Empire in 1829, after several occupations.
HistoryEdit
The area around Anapa was settled in antiquity. It was originally a major seaport (Sinda) and then the capital of Sindica. The colony of Gorgippia (Template:Langx) was built on the site of Sinda in the 6th century BCE by Pontic Greeks, who named it after a king of the Cimmerian Bosporus. In the 2nd and 3rd centuries BCE, Gorgippia flourished as part of the Bosporan Kingdom, as did its guild of shipowners, which controlled maritime trade in the eastern part of the Black Sea. A fine statue of Neokles (a local potentate, son of Herodoros) was unearthed by Russian archaeologists and is now on exhibit at the Russian Museum. Gorgippia was inhabited until the 3rd century CE, when it was overrun by neighbouring native tribes. These tribes, of Circassian or Adyghe origin (specifically of the Natkhuay tribeTemplate:Citation needed), gave Anapa its modern name.
Later the Black Sea littoral was overrun by successive waves of Asiatic nomads, including the Sarmatians, Ostrogoths, Huns, Avars, Gokturks, Khazars, Tatars and Circassians who are native to the Northwestern Caucasus. The settlement was renamed Mapa by the Genoese at the turn of the 14th century. Genoese domination lasted until the arrival of an Ottoman fleet in 1475. In 1781, during the reign of Abdul Hamid I, French engineers built a fortress at Anapa for the Ottomans.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The fortress was repeatedly attacked by the Russian Empire and was all but destroyed during its last siege in 1829. The town was passed to Russia after the Treaty of Adrianople (1829). See Template:Slink. It was included in Black Sea Okrug of Kuban Oblast and was granted town status in 1846.<ref name="about">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
It was occupied by Ottomans between 1853 and 1856 during the Crimean War. It became part of Black Sea Governorate in 1896. Elizabeth Pilenko, later named as a saint in the Eastern Orthodox Church, was the mayor during the Russian Revolution. It became part of Kuban-Black Sea Oblast in 1920. During World War II, it was occupied and totally demolished by Nazi Germany with the help of Romanian troops between August 30, 1942 and September 22, 1943.
Administrative and municipal statusEdit
Within the framework of administrative divisions, Anapa serves as the administrative center of Anapsky District, even though it is not a part of it.<ref name="KrasnodarK_admlist" /> As an administrative division, it is, together with three rural localities, incorporated separately as the Town of Anapa—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.<ref name="KrasnodarK_admlist" /> As a municipal division, the territories of the Town of Anapa and of Anapsky District are incorporated as Anapa Urban Okrug.<ref name="AnapaCharter">Charter of Anapa Urban Okrug</ref><ref name="KrasnodarKAnapa_mun">Law #676-KZ</ref>
TourismEdit
The town boasts a number of sanatoria and hotels. Anapa is served by the Anapa Airport. Anapa seldom attracts tourists from outside Russia due to its modest infrastructure and its inconvenient accessibility from Europe via Moscow or Krasnodar.
TransportationEdit
- Анапа.Вокзал.JPG
Train station in Anapa
- Аэропорт Анапа 1.jpg
Anapa Airport
Transportation facilities include an international passenger port for small-tonnage ships,<ref name="searates">Template:Cite news</ref> the Anapa Airport, a railway station, a bus station, and a network of highways.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="davy20">Template:Cite journal</ref>
ClimateEdit
Anapa has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa) with mediterranean (Csa) influences at the lower elevations.<ref name='chen'>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Compared to cities further south along the coast like Novorossiysk and Sochi, Anapa receives considerably less rainfall but has somewhat colder winters. Template:Weather box
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Average temperature | 6.8 °C | 6.1 °C | 7.4 °C | 10.6 °C | 15.1 °C | 20.0 °C | 23.1 °C | 24.1 °C | 21.1 °C | 16.6 °C | 11.9 °C | 8.7 °C |
DemographicsEdit
The population of Anapa according to recent censuses is as follows: Template:Ru-census
CultureEdit
The Town Theater of Anapa is located on Krymskaya Street. It was opened after the reconstruction of the Town Cultural Center.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> There are twenty-nine public libraries, including four for children. In 2010 the libraries of Anapa received more than 8,000 books, and magazines and newspapers were ordered costing more than 1,000,000 rubles; in addition, nine hundred CDs were purchased.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
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There is museum of Local History ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) on Protapova Street.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Architecture and sightsEdit
- The Gorgippia Archeological museum<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- Gates of Turkish fortress<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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- Church of St. Onuphrius<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- Lighthouse<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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- Wildlife preserve of Bolshoy Utrish south of Sukko<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
List of mayorsEdit
- Maria Skobtsova<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- Valentin Mashukov
- Germogen Korolyov<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
- Mikhail Boyur<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
- Vitaly Astapenko<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
- Vladimir Tsukanov<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- Anatoly Pakhomov<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- Tatyana Yevsikova<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Activities carried out in the townEdit
- Kinoshock Film Festival<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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- Blue-eyed Anapa song Festival
- Russian coast guard academy
Twin towns and sister citiesEdit
Anapa is twinned with:
- Template:Flagicon Gomel, Belarus<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
- Template:Flagicon Novy Urengoy, Russia<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- Template:Flagicon Larissa, Greece
GalleryEdit
- Anapa. Administration.JPG
Administration building
- Anapa. Anapka river.JPG
Anapa river
- Анапа 2011 (0001).jpg
The sea in Anapa
- Anapa. Lighthouse.JPG
Lighthouse
- Anapa. Svyato-Onufrievsky hram.jpg
temple of Saint Onuphrius the Great
- Русские ворота и остатки стен крепости - back view.JPG
The only remaining gates of an Ottoman fort
- Анапа 2011 (0003).jpg
Equestrian statue in Gemete restaurant of the Colosseum
- Anapa beach.jpg
Beach in the Little Bay
- Anapa estrada.jpg
Concert platform "Summer Estrada"
- Anapa chapel.jpg
Chapel of the Prophet Hosea