Belmont transmitting station

The Belmont transmitting station is a broadcasting and telecommunications facility next to the B1225, Template:Convert west of the village of Donington on Bain in the civil parish of South Willingham, near Market Rasen and Louth in Lincolnshire, England ({{#if:TF217837|[[Ordnance Survey National Grid|{{#if:Template:Yesno|Grid|grid}} reference]] {{#invoke:Ordnance Survey coordinates|oscoord|TF217837_region:GB_scale:25000|TF217837|name=}}}}). It is owned and operated by Arqiva.

It has a guyed tubular steel mast, with a lattice upper section. The mast was shortened in April 2010 and is now Template:Convert in height.<ref name="planningapp">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Before this it was Template:Convert high and was considered to be the tallest structure of its kind in the world (taller masts, such as the KVLY-TV mast in the United States, use steel lattice construction), and the tallest structure of any type in the United Kingdom. After the top section was removed, the mast's reduced height relegated it to the second-highest in the UK after Skelton in Cumbria.

Despite the mast being shortened it can be seen in daylight on clear days from most areas close to and within the Lincolnshire Wolds. On clear nights its bright red aircraft warning lights can be very widely seen across much of Lincolnshire from as far north as the Humber estuary and Barton-Upon-Humber; from the west of the county it can be seen from Lincoln, Gainsborough and Grantham; from the south of the county it can be seen from Spalding and Bourne; and from the east it can be seen from Skegness, Mablethorpe and most areas along the Lincolnshire coast. The lights can also be seen from many parts of Nottinghamshire, coastal areas of North West Norfolk and a few parts of Derbyshire on very clear nights.

Construction

File:Belmont TV Mast From The Air - geograph.org.uk - 625310.jpg

View from the air in July 1990

A planning application was made in October 1963 to Louth Rural District.<ref>Grimsby Evening Telegraph Thursday 17 October 1963, page 12</ref> Work had started by April 1964.<ref>Skegness Standard Wednesday 22 April 1964, page 11</ref>

The foundations were laid on 30 June 1964.<ref>Grantham Journal Friday 3 July 1964, page 16</ref> The concrete foundation was built by the end of October 1964, with tube sections being added from November 1964 at the site, near Benniworth.<ref>Louth Standard Friday 30 October 1964, page 23</ref>

It would be the seventh highest mast in the world. The first 900 ft would be a 9-ft diameter steel cylinder, with the rest a steel lattice. There would be a 12 ft cylinder around this lattice, with the top 150 ft being 9 ft wide. 1200 cubic feet of concrete was poured into its 32 square feet foundations. 12 people would work on the site.<ref>Grimsby Evening Telegraph Wednesday 1 July 1964, page 7</ref><ref>Horncastle News Friday 3 July 1964, page 6</ref>

The mast was constructed in 1965 and it came into service on 20 December of that year. As built it was a tubular pipe Template:Convert long by Template:Convert in diameter, surmounted by a Template:Convert lattice upper section (an identical mast was constructed in 1964 at Emley Moor near Huddersfield in Yorkshire, but the other mast collapsed due to guy failure caused by icing and high winds on 19 March 1969). Its ropes weigh 85 tons, made by British Ropes, with steel from Steel, Peech and Tozer of Templeborough in South Yorkshire. The column weighs 210 tons and has 375 segments, with steel from United Steel Companies at Scunthorpe in northern Lincolnshire.<ref>Times Friday 10 September 1965, page 9</ref>

In September 1967, meteorological equipment was added to the Template:Convert mast extending its height to Template:Convert. The imperial measurement was the accepted value quoted by publications including the 1993 edition of the Guinness Book of Records.<ref name="Guinness 1993">Guinness Book of Records 39th Edition (1993), page 93 – Template:ISBN</ref> The metric measurement quoted by the current owners is Template:Convert shorter.

Between October 2009 and April 2010, the mast was shortened as part of the Digital Switchover works. Most of the top section above the fifth stay level was removed (along with the sixth stay level) and the mast now stands Template:Convert high.

Coverage

From its location, high in the Lincolnshire Wolds, it broadcasts digital television and both analogue and digital radio to Lincolnshire, eastern Yorkshire, northern parts of Norfolk and some eastern parts of Nottinghamshire. Belmont is the main transmitter that covers the cities of Hull and Lincoln. When it was first operated it transmitted (amongst others) ITV station Anglia Television. Following a re-organisation of ITV coverage in 1972, from 1974 it started transmitting neighbouring station Yorkshire Television instead, which it continues to do to this day.

Transmission

Due to bad weather in late 1965, it did not offer a full ITV service until Monday 16 May 1966. But BBC and VHF radio would start in autumn 1966. Emley Moor, its twin, came into full service on 15 August 1966.<ref>Louth Standard Friday 27 May 1966, page 23</ref>

The transmitters were not installed by the end of September 1966, but BBC equipment was being tested by early 1966,<ref>Lincolnshire Standard Friday 30 September 1966, page 8</ref> with full BBC service on Saturday 19 November 1966, and test transmissions from 5 November, with Peterborough able to receive these broadcasts.<ref>Peterborough Evening Telegraph Wednesday 9 November 1966, page 6</ref> This was the same month that Pontop Pike also began transmissions. Tacolneston went into full service on 9 September 1967.<ref>Horncastle News Thursday 10 November 1966, page 7</ref>

On 19 February 1969 wintry weather caused an eight-hour power cut, and staff were cut off by snow drifts, with a small amount of food. One month later, wintry weather brought down an identical mast, Emley Moor. Emley Moor was the highest man-made structure in Europe <ref>Grimsby Evening Telegraph Friday 21 February 1969, page 1</ref><ref>Skegness Standard Wednesday 26 February 1969, page 3</ref>

The first colour tests from Monday 18 January 1971; Sandy Heath began full colour broadcasting on 8 February 1971; Tacolneston went colour on 1 October 1970.

Full colour on channel 22 for BBC1 began on Monday 15 February 1971, <ref>Lincolnshire Standard Friday 12 February 1971, page 11</ref> ITV would be later on Monday 24 May 1971.<ref>Lincolnshire Standard Friday 14 May 1971, page 16</ref>

Transmitter power

In the analogue era Belmont, at 500 kW E.R.P. for the four main analogue television channels, was one of the most powerful transmitters in the UK, though there were four UK transmitters which were more powerful; Sutton Coldfield, Crystal Palace and Sandy Heath were all at 1000 kW and Emley Moor was 870 kW. After digital switchover Belmont's digital transmitting power was 50 kW for SDN (previously Mux A), 100 kW for Arqiva A & B (Mux C, D) and 150 kW for BBC A, D3&4 and BBC B (Mux 1, 2, B).

700MHz clearance

On 4 March 2020, Belmont was due to complete its 700MHz clearance and will become an A group transmitter, excluding the temporary MUXES 7 and 8 (see graph). Since Belmont started out as an A group for (just) analogue it returns to that band after being a wideband for 21 years. Technically the advent of C5 analogue complicated the issue for a few months prior to (dual) running digital transmissions started in 1998.

Services listed by frequency

Analogue television

20 December 1965 – 19 November 1966

First transmissions from the site: ITV's 405-line television service was fed by off-air reception of Mendlesham at Great Massingham in Norfolk, with an onward microwave link to Belmont via an intermediate point at Winceby in Lincolnshire.

Template:No2Frequency	Template:No2VHF	Template:No2kW	Template:No2Service
Template:UK System A	7V	20	Anglia

19 November 1966 – 24 May 1971

The BBC's services came online on both VHF and UHF. BBC1 was initially fed by means of an off-air rebroadcast of Holme Moss but this was plagued by co-channel interference from the continent. BBC2 was an off-air rebroadcast from Emley Moor.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> On 19 March 1969, the Emley Moor mast collapsed, taking Belmont's BBC2 transmissions off-air for several days.<ref name="timeline">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Despite the programme sources on VHF and UHF being (for many years) off-air rebroadcasts of other transmitters in the vicinity, Belmont was always regarded by the BBC as being a "main station" both on VHF and UHF. The IBA initially regarded it as a relay of Mendlesham (and numbered it 14.2 in their numbering of VHF stations) but from 1974 it became a "main station" for Yorkshire Television (renumbered as 20.0 in the IBA's numbering of VHF stations)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> after changes in the minor franchise areas.

It was always number 120.0 in the BBC/IBA numbering scheme for UHF stations<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>).

Template:No2Frequency	Template:No2VHF	Template:No2UHF	Template:No2kW	Template:No2Service
Template:UK System A	7V	—	20	Anglia
Template:UK System A	13V	—	20	BBC1 North
Template:UK System I	—	28	500	BBC2 North

24 May 1971 – 30 July 1974

ITV's UHF service began.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Template:No2Frequency	Template:No2VHF	Template:No2UHF	Template:No2kW	Template:No2Service
Template:UK System A	7V	—	20	Anglia
Template:UK System A	13V	—	20	BBC1 North
Template:UK System I	—	22	500	BBC1 North
Template:UK System I	—	25	500	Anglia
Template:UK System I	—	28	500	BBC2 North

30 July 1974 – 2 November 1982

After changes to the regional structure of ITV in 1972, Belmont stopped being a relay of Mendlesham and became a main station for Yorkshire TV.<ref name="timeline" /> It was fed by a Post Office (later BT) microwave link from Leeds, allowing Yorkshire TV to supply Belmont with a separate 7-minute segment of their regional news magazine programme "Calendar", a Belmont titled version of Anglia's weather forecast, as well as having the ability to sell advertising separately in the Belmont and Emley Moor areas. The microwave link from Leeds to Belmont apparently ran via Emley Moor, where the IBA could insert test transmissions, such as Test Card "F"

Template:No2Frequency	Template:No2VHF	Template:No2UHF	Template:No2kW	Template:No2Service
Template:UK System A	7V	—	20	Yorkshire
Template:UK System A	13V	—	20	BBC1 North
Template:UK System I	—	22	500	BBC1 North
Template:UK System I	—	25	500	Yorkshire
Template:UK System I	—	28	500	BBC2 North

2 November 1982 – 30 March 1997

Both the BBC and ITV 405-line VHF TV services from Belmont were discontinued early<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> in mid-1982, and when Channel 4 began formal transmissions in November that year it was radiated on UHF from the site:

Template:No2Frequency	Template:No2UHF	Template:No2kW	Template:No2Service
Template:UK System I	22	500	BBC1 North
Template:UK System I	25	500	Yorkshire
Template:UK System I	28	500	BBC2 North
Template:UK System I	32	500	Channel 4

30 March 1997 – 15 November 1998

Belmont started transmitting the UK's final terrestrial analogue UHF TV service: Channel 5. This was done well out-of-band and at reduced power compared with the main group.

Template:No2Frequency	Template:No2UHF	Template:No2kW	Template:No2Service
Template:UK System I	22	500	BBC1 North
Template:UK System I	25	500	Yorkshire
Template:UK System I	28	500	BBC2 North
Template:UK System I	32	500	Channel 4
Template:UK System I	56	50	Channel 5

Analogue and digital television

15 November 1998 – 3 August 2011

Belmont began transmitting digital TV, with the new digital multiplexes spaced far from the existing analogue channels. In July 2007 it was confirmed by Ofcom that Belmont would be remaining a wideband transmitter after digital switchover.

Template:No2Frequency	Template:No2UHF	Template:No2kW	Template:No2Service/Operator	Template:No2System
Template:UK System I	22	500	BBC1 North	PAL System I
Template:UK System I	25	500	Yorkshire	PAL System I
Template:UK System I	28	500	BBC2 North	PAL System I
Template:UK DVB-T	30	10	BBC (Mux 1)	DVB-T
Template:UK System I	32	500	Channel 4	PAL System I
Template:UK DVB-T	48	20	Digital 3&4 (Mux 2)	DVB-T
Template:UK System I	56	50	Channel 5	PAL System I
Template:UK DVB-T	57+	4	Arqiva (Mux D)	DVB-T
Template:UK DVB-T	60	4	Arqiva (Mux C)	DVB-T
Template:UK DVB-T	66	10	BBC (Mux B)	DVB-T
Template:UK DVB-T	68	10	SDN (Mux A)	DVB-T

3 August 2011 – 17 August 2011

BBC2 closed on UHF 28. BBC1 was moved on to that channel for its final three weeks of service. Pre-DSO Multiplex 1 (BBC) on UHF 30 was closed and was replaced by BBC A on UHF 22.

Template:No2Frequency	Template:No2UHF	Template:No2kW	Template:No2Service/Operator	Template:No2System
Template:UK DVB-T	22	150	BBC A	DVB-T
Template:UK System I	25	500	Yorkshire	PAL System I
Template:UK System I	28	500	BBC1 North	PAL System I
Template:UK System I	32	500	Channel 4	PAL System I
Template:UK DVB-T	48	20	Digital 3&4 (Mux 2)	DVB-T
Template:UK System I	56	50	Channel 5	PAL System I
Template:UK DVB-T	57+	4	Arqiva (Mux D)	DVB-T
Template:UK DVB-T	60	4	Arqiva (Mux C)	DVB-T
Template:UK DVB-T	66	10	BBC (Mux B)	DVB-T
Template:UK DVB-T	68	10	SDN (Mux A)	DVB-T

Digital television

17 August 2011 – 26 November 2013

All the remaining analogue and existing digital signals were turned off and replaced with higher-power digital signals.

Template:No2Frequency	Template:No2UHF	Template:No2kW	Template:No2Operator	Template:No2System
Template:UK DVB-T	22	150	BBC A	DVB-T
Template:UK DVB-T	25	150	Digital 3&4	DVB-T
Template:UK DVB-T	28	150	BBC B	DVB-T2
Template:UK DVB-T	30-	50	SDN	DVB-T
Template:UK DVB-T	53	100	Arqiva A	DVB-T
Template:UK DVB-T	60	100	Arqiva B	DVB-T

• Arqiva A and Arqiva B were limited to 4 kW until 23 November 2011, when they were increased to 100 kW.

26 November 2013 – 4 February 2020

Local TV, carrying Estuary TV, and Arqiva C, carrying additional HD services, launched on 26 November 2013.

Template:No2Frequency	Template:No2UHF	Template:No2kW	Template:No2Operator	Template:No2Multiplex	Template:No2System
Template:UK DVB-T	22	150	BBC A	PSB1	DVB-T
Template:UK DVB-T	25	150	Digital 3&4	PSB2	DVB-T
Template:UK DVB-T	28	150	BBC B	PSB3	DVB-T2
Template:UK DVB-T	30-	50	SDN	COM4	DVB-T
Template:UK DVB-T	32	5	Local TV	LOC	DVB-T
Template:UK DVB-T	33	37.1	Arqiva C	COM7	DVB-T2
Template:UK DVB-T	53	100	Arqiva A	COM5	DVB-T
Template:UK DVB-T	56	39	Arqiva D	COM8	DVB-T2
Template:UK DVB-T	60	100	Arqiva B	COM6	DVB-T

5 February 2020 – 3 March 2020

Arqiva A moved from UHF 53 to UHF 23, in accordance with the 700MHz clearance.

Template:No2Frequency	Template:No2UHF	Template:No2kW	Template:No2Operator	Template:No2Multiplex	Template:No2System
Template:UK DVB-T	22	150	BBC A	PSB1	DVB-T
Template:UK DVB-T	23	75	Arqiva A	COM5	DVB-T
Template:UK DVB-T	25	150	Digital 3&4	PSB2	DVB-T
Template:UK DVB-T	28	150	BBC B	PSB3	DVB-T2
Template:UK DVB-T	30-	64	SDN	COM4	DVB-T
Template:UK DVB-T	32	5	Local TV	LOC	DVB-T
Template:UK DVB-T	55	37.1	Arqiva C	COM7	DVB-T2
Template:UK DVB-T	56	39	Arqiva D	COM8	DVB-T2
Template:UK DVB-T	60	100	Arqiva B	COM6	DVB-T

4 March 2020 – 24 June 2020

Arqiva B moved from UHF 60- to UHF 26, and a power increase of the Local multiplex, in accordance with the 700MHz clearance.

Frequency	UHF	kW	Operator	Multiplex	System
Template:UK DVB-T	22	150	BBC A	PSB1	DVB-T
Template:UK DVB-T	23	75	Arqiva A	COM5	DVB-T
Template:UK DVB-T	25	150	Digital 3&4	PSB2	DVB-T
Template:UK DVB-T	26	75	Arqiva B	COM6	DVB-T
Template:UK DVB-T	28	150	BBC B	PSB3	DVB-T2
Template:UK DVB-T	30-	64	SDN	COM4	DVB-T
Template:UK DVB-T	32	10	Local TV	LOC	DVB-T
Template:UK DVB-T	55	37.1	Arqiva C	COM7	DVB-T2
Template:UK DVB-T	56	39	Arqiva D	COM8	DVB-T2

25 June 2020 – Present

COM 8 was switched off permanently in accordance with the 700MHz clearance programme.

Frequency	UHF	kW	Operator	Multiplex	System
Template:UK DVB-T	22	150	BBC A	PSB1	DVB-T
Template:UK DVB-T	23	75	Arqiva A	COM5	DVB-T
Template:UK DVB-T	25	150	Digital 3&4	PSB2	DVB-T
Template:UK DVB-T	26	75	Arqiva B	COM6	DVB-T
Template:UK DVB-T	28	150	BBC B	PSB3	DVB-T2
Template:UK DVB-T	30-	64	SDN	COM4	DVB-T
Template:UK DVB-T	32	10	Local TV	LOC	DVB-T
Template:UK DVB-T	55	37.1	Arqiva C	COM7	DVB-T2

Analogue radio (FM VHF)

19 November 1966 – 11 November 1980

Frequency	kW	Service
88.8 MHz	8	BBC Light Programme (later BBC Radio 2)
90.9 MHz	8	BBC Third Programme (later BBC Radio 3)
93.1 MHz	8	BBC Home Service (later BBC Radio 4)

11 November 1980 – February 1992

BBC Radio Lincolnshire started broadcasting. BBC Radio 1 officially launched in 98.3 on 27 July 1990<ref name="Radio 1 Transmission History">Frequency Finder – Radio 1 Transmission History</ref>

Frequency	kW<ref name="Ofcom - FM Technical Parameters">Ofcom Technical Parameters (CSV file)</ref>	Service
88.8 MHz	16	BBC Radio 2
90.9 MHz	16	BBC Radio 3
93.1 MHz	16	BBC Radio 4
94.9 MHz	6	BBC Radio Lincolnshire
98.3 MHz	16	BBC Radio 1

February 1992 – present day

Lincs FM (launched 1 March 1992) and Classic FM (launched 1 September 1992) join the set of FM broadcasts.

Frequency	kW <ref name="Ofcom - FM Technical Parameters" />	Service
88.8 MHz	16	BBC Radio 2
90.9 MHz	16	BBC Radio 3
93.1 MHz	16	BBC Radio 4
94.9 MHz	6	BBC Radio Lincolnshire
98.3 MHz	16	BBC Radio 1
100.5 MHz	6.2	Classic FM
102.2 MHz	6.4	Greatest Hits Radio Lincolnshire

Digital radio (DAB)

Frequency	Block	kW<ref name="Radio Listeners Guide 2010">Radio Listeners Guide 2010</ref>	Service
215.072 MHz	12A	—	MuxCo Lincolnshire
216.928 MHz	11A	—	Sound Digital
222.064 MHz	11D	5	Digital One
225.648 MHz	12B	5	BBC National DAB

Relays

Below is a list of transmitters that relay Belmont.

Digital television

transmitter	kW	BBC-A	BBC-B	D3&4	SDN	ARQ-A	ARQ-B	Pol.
Grimsby	0.002	45	39	42	Template:N/a	Template:N/a	Template:N/a	BV
Lincoln Central	0.02	44	47	41	Template:N/a	Template:N/a	Template:N/a	BV
Weaverthorpe	0.009	39	45	42	Template:N/a	Template:N/a	Template:N/a	BV

See also

• List of tallest buildings and structures
• List of tallest structures in the United Kingdom
• List of masts
• List of radio stations in the United Kingdom

External links

• Template:Commons category-inline
• The Transmission Gallery: Belmont index.
• Info and pictures of Belmont, including co-receivable channels.
• Belmont at UK Free TV.
• Pictures of Belmont at Geograph.
• Belmont Transmitter at thebigtower.com

Relay stations

• Grimsby
• Hunmanby
• Lincoln Central
• Oliver's Mount
• Weaverthorpe