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A Quonset hut Template:IPAc-en is a lightweight prefabricated structure of corrugated galvanized steel with a semi-circular cross-section. The design was developed in the United States based on the Nissen hut introduced by the British during World War I. Hundreds of thousands were produced during World War II, and military surplus was sold to the public. The name comes from the site of their first deployment at Quonset Point at the Davisville Naval Construction Battalion Center in Davisville, Rhode Island.<ref>Building the Navy's Bases in World War II: History of the Bureau of Yards and Docks and the Civil Engineer Corps, 1940–1946, volume 1, Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1947.</ref>
Design and historyEdit
The first Quonset huts were manufactured in 1941 when the United States Navy needed a lightweight, all-purpose building that could be shipped anywhere and assembled without skilled labor.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> They could be assembled in a day by a 10-person team using only hand tools.<ref name="Vara">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
The George A. Fuller construction company manufactured them, and the first was produced within 60 days of signing the contract.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 1946, the Great Lakes Steel Corporation claimed "the term 'Quonset,' as applied to builders and building materials, is a trade mark owned by the Great Lakes Steel Corporation."<ref>"Not 'Quonset'", The Dunn County News, March 13, 1946, p.1</ref> But the word is often used generically. Today similar structures are made by many contractors in countries around the world.
The original design was a Template:Convert structure framed with steel members with an Template:Convert radius. The most common design created a standard size of Template:Convert with a Template:Convert radius{{ safesubst:#invoke:Unsubst||date=__DATE__ |$B= Template:Fix }}, allowing Template:Convert of usable floor space with optional Template:Convert overhangs at each end for protection of entrances from the weather. Other sizes were developed, including Template:Convert and Template:Convert warehouse models.<ref name =ONE>Michael Lamm (Winter 1998), "The Instant Building". Invention & Technology, Volume 13, Issue 3, pp. 68–72. Retrieved 28 May 2020.</ref>
The sides were corrugated steel sheets, and the two ends were covered with plywood which had doors and windows. The interior was insulated and had pressed-wood lining and a wood floor. The building could be placed on concrete, on pilings, or directly on the ground with a wood floor. The original design used low-grade steel, which was later replaced by a more rust-resistant version. The flexible interior space was open, allowing use as barracks, latrines, medical and dental offices, isolation wards, housing, and bakeries.
Between 150,000 and 170,000 Quonset huts were manufactured during World War II, and the military sold its surplus huts to the public after the war.<ref name =ONE/> Many remain standing throughout the United States as outbuildings, businesses, or even homes, and they are often seen at military museums and other places featuring World War II memorabilia. Many were also used around the United States for temporary postwar housing, such as Rodger Young Village for veterans and their families in Los Angeles, California, and the Quonset Park complex of married student housing at the University of Iowa.<ref>https://spectator.uiowa.edu/2010/january/oldgold.html "Temporary Housing: Not Much, But It's Home", University of Iowa Spectator</ref> Some are still in active use at United States military bases. The U.S. Department of Energy continues to use Quonset huts as supporting structures (fabrication and machine shops, warehouses, etc.) at the Nevada National Security Site. The repurposed huts were common enough that Sherwin-Williams introduced a line of paint called "Quon-Kote" specifically designed to stick to the metal structures.<ref name=Vara/>
In popular cultureEdit
After World War II, surplus Quonset huts became popular as housing in Hawaii. They became known as "kamaboko houses" due to their half-cylindrical shape, similar to a slab of kamaboko.<ref name=hierarchy>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
The situation comedy Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C., which aired on CBS from 1964 to 1969, featured Quonset huts as the barracks housing at Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, California.
GalleryEdit
- American troops marching to quarters in Ireland 1942-02.jpg
American troops in Ireland, 1942
- Quonset hut emplacement in Japan.jpg
A Quonset hut being put in place at the 598th Engineer Base Depot in Japan, post-World War II
- Nankin Value Battery Quonset hut Westland Michigan.JPG
Quonset hut adapted for commercial use in Westland, Michigan
- QuonsetHutInterior.1950s.jpg
The original St. Barnabas church in Paradise Valley, Arizona
- A Quonset Hut in Dade City, Florida.jpg
A Quonset hut in Dade City, Florida
- American-legion-post-livingston-tn1.jpg
- Fred's Tavern, Dodge City, Kansas LCCN2017709459.tif
Fred's Tavern, Dodge City, Kansas
See alsoEdit
- Daniel House (Knoxville, Tennessee)
- Dymaxion deployment unit
- Iris hut and Romney hut, similar British prefabricated structures used in WWII
- Jamesway hut
- Longhouses of the indigenous peoples of North America
- Nissen hut
- Patera Building
- Abbey of Our Lady of the Holy Trinity, a former Trappist monastery in Utah housed in Quonset huts.
ReferencesEdit
External linksEdit
- Feature article on the design and origin of the Quonset Hut from the Varnum Continentals historical organization in East Greenwich, RI.
- Quonset Hut History in Washington State from 1941 - 1960 from the Washington State Department of Archaeology & Historic Preservation.
- Quonset Huts at Guampedia, Guam's Online Encyclopedia
- Quonset Huts, At National Airport, Arlington, Arlington County, VA at the Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS)
- Quonset and Pacific Huts at the Kodiak Military History Museum
- Pacific Huts at the online encyclopedia of Washington State History
- Quonset Hut (search Pacific Hut Company) at the Seabee Museum and Memorial Park