Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox ancient site Lanyon Quoit is a dolmen in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom, 2 miles southeast of Morvah. It collapsed in a storm in 1815 and was re-erected nine years later, and as a result the dolmen is now very different from its original appearance.
LocationEdit
Lanyon Quoit is located northwest of Penzance on the road between Madron and Morvah. It stands 50 metres to the east of the road.
700 metres to the west lie the remains of another dolmen known as West Lanyon Quoit.<ref name="pastscape2">WEST LANYON QUOIT, Pastscape, retrieved 8 November 2013</ref>
DescriptionEdit
Lanyon Quoit currently has three support stones which stand to a height of 1.5 metres.<ref name="oxford">Timothy Darvill, Paul Stamper, Jane Timby, (2002), England: An Oxford Archaeological Guide to Sites from Earliest Times to AD 1600, page 441. Oxford University Press. Template:ISBN</ref> These bear a capstone which is 5.5 metres long,<ref name="pastscape1">LANYON QUOIT, Pastscape, retrieved 8 November 2013</ref> and which weighs more than 12 tonnes.<ref name="quinn">Tom Quinn, (2007), The archaeology of Britain: from prehistory to the industrial age, page 15. New Holland. Template:ISBN</ref>
In the eighteenth century, the quoit had four supporting stones and the structure was tall enough for a person on horseback to ride under. On 19 October 1815, Lanyon Quoit fell down in a storm.<ref name="hitchin">Template:Cite book</ref> Nine years later, enough money was raised by local inhabitants to re-erect the structure, under the guidance of Captain Giddy of the Royal Navy. One of the original stones was considered too badly damaged to put back in place, thus there are only three uprights today and the structure does not stand so high as it once did.<ref name="quinn"/> One of the uprights was turned at right-angles when the quoit was re-erected, but that is the only part of it which had its orientation changed. The cap stone is still aligned much as it was before the monument fell.<ref>John Barnatt, Prehistoric Cornwall, The Ceremonial Monuments, 1982, p121-4</ref> The quoit lies at the north end of a long barrow 26 metres long and 12 metres wide.<ref>Pevsner, N. (1970) Cornwall; 2nd ed., revised by E. Radcliffe. Penguin; p. 121</ref> The barrow, which is covered by grass and bracken, is damaged and its outline is difficult to see.<ref name="pastscape1"/> At the south end of the barrow are some more large stones that may be the remains of one or more cists.<ref name="pastscape1"/>
InvestigationsEdit
In 1769, William Borlase described the megalithic site for the first time in a publication, illustrated with etchings in which the Lanyon Quoit's design and floor plan has a different look from today, given changes made following its 1815 collapse.<ref>William Borlase: Antiquities Historical and Monumental of the County of Cornwall, Bowyer and Nichols, London 1769</ref> Lanyon Quoit collapsed in a storm in 1815 and was re-erected in 1824.
An etching from 1857 by R. T. Pentreath shows the megaliths in their present arrangement.<ref>Richard Edmonds, (1862), The Land's End District and its Antiquities, Natural History, Natural Phenomena and Scenery, Smith</ref> A similar drawing appears in the 1864 book A Week at the Land's End by John Thomas Blight.<ref>John Thomas Blight, (1861), A Week at the Land's End, Longman</ref>
In 1872, William Borlase, a descendant of the earlier Borlase, conducted further investigations and excavations were carried out.<ref>William Copeland Borlase, (1872), Naenia Cornubiae, Longmans</ref> He reproduced the etchings of his ancestor and found them much more valuable than any other contemporary sketch since the monument had been subjected to such considerable change.
In 1952, the then owner Edward Bolitho from Tregwainton donated the plot of land with the monument to the National Trust.
ReferencesEdit
Template:Portal Template:Reflist