The Bermuda Conference was an international conference between the United Kingdom and the United States held from April 19 to 30, 1943, at Hamilton, Bermuda. The topic of discussion was the question of Jewish refugees who had been liberated by Allied forces and those who still remained in Nazi-occupied Europe. The only agreement reached was that the war must be won against the Nazis. US immigration quotas were not raised, and the British prohibition on Jewish refugees seeking refuge in Mandatory Palestine was not lifted.
The American delegation was led by Dr. Harold W. Dodds. The British delegation was led by Richard Law, a junior minister at the Foreign Office.<ref>David Blair, "The Bermuda Conference that Failed to Save the Jews", The Daily Telegraph (London), January 31, 2015</ref>
ReactionEdit
An article in The New York Times dated April 30, 1943, "Hopeful Hint Ends Bermuda Sessions",<ref>"Hopeful Hint Ends Bermuda Sessions", New York Times, April 30, 1943, p. 9.</ref> stated that the delegates had rejected recommendations that were not capable of being accomplished under war conditions and that would most likely delay the war effort.
A week later, the Zionist Committee for a Jewish Army ran an advertisement in The New York Times condemning the efforts at Bermuda as a mockery of past promises to the Jewish people and of Jewish suffering under German Nazi occupation.<ref>"To 5,000,000 Jews in the Nazi Death-Trap Bermuda was a Cruel Mockery", The New York Times, May 4, 1943, p. 17.</ref> US Senator Harry S. Truman withdrew his membership from the committee over what was perceived as an insult to members of the US Senate, which had been involved in the conference.Template:Cn
Szmul Zygielbojm, a member of the Jewish advisory body to the Polish government-in-exile, committed suicide in protest at the outcome of the conference.<ref name="Letter">The Last Letter From Szmul Zygielbojm, The Bund Representative With The Polish National Council In Exile Template:Webarchive, May 11, 1943.</ref>
See alsoEdit
- Évian Conference in 1938
- International response to the Holocaust
- Jewish refugees from German-occupied Europe in the United Kingdom
ReferencesEdit
Further readingEdit
- Sebastian Musch and Annika Heyen: The Bermuda Conference in April 1943: Allied Politics, Jewish Organizations, and the Emergence of the International Migration Regime. In: Holocaust Studies. [1]
External linksEdit
- Bermuda Conference from Yad Vashem's Shoa Research Centre
- The Allies' Refugee Conference--A "Cruel Mockery" by Dr. Rafael Medoff
- Bermuda Conference (Encyclopedia of America's Response to the Holocaust) on The David S. Wyman Institute for Holocaust Studies