Daniel Brewster

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Early life, education, and military serviceEdit

Daniel Baugh Brewster, Sr. was born on November 23, 1923, in Baltimore County, Maryland, in the Green Spring Valley Region. He was the oldest of six children of Ottolie Y. (Wickes) and Daniel Baugh Brewster.<ref>Obituary: "Daniel Baugh Brewster" New York Times. May 16, 1934.</ref><ref name="auto1">Template:Cite news</ref> Brewster was born into a wealthy family and was "raised in comfort on a beautifully appointed farm in Maryland fox-hunting country". The Washington Post described him as an "inheritor of the Baugh Chemical fortune". His father died when he was 10 years of age.<ref name="auto1"/>

EducationEdit

Brewster was educated at the Gilman School in Baltimore City and at St. Paul's School in Concord, New Hampshire. He attended college at Princeton University and Johns Hopkins University before the U.S. entry into World War II.<ref name="auto">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

After the war, Brewster again attended Johns Hopkins.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> He then enrolled at the University of Maryland Law School, from which he graduated with an LL.B. degree in June 1949.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He was admitted to the bar in November 1949 and began practicing law in Towson, Maryland.<ref name="auto"/><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Military serviceEdit

In 1942, Brewster enlisted in the United States Marine Corps.<ref name="auto" /> He was commissioned from the ranks in 1943. During World War II, he served in the Pacific theatre, including participating in the Battle of Guam and the Battle of Okinawa. For his actions during the war, he received a Bronze Star. He was wounded seven times, receiving a Purple Heart and a Gold Star in lieu of a second award.<ref name="auto2" /> He left active duty in 1946 but continued in the Reserve until 1972, reaching the rank of colonel.<ref name=ArchiveUM>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Political careerEdit

Maryland House of Delegates (1950-1958)Edit

Brewster, a Democrat,<ref name=ArchiveUM/> was elected as to the Maryland House of Delegates in 1950.<ref name="auto"/> At age 26, he was one of the youngest members of Maryland's state legislature in history.<ref name="auto1" /> He served in the House of Delegates until 1958.<ref name="auto"/>

U.S. House of Representatives (1959-1963)Edit

In 1958, Brewster was elected to the House of Representatives from the 2nd district of Maryland, defeating the Republican Party candidate, J. Fife Symington Jr. He was a member of the House during the Eighty-sixth (1959–1961) and Eighty-seventh Congresses (1961–1963), serving on the United States House Committee on Armed Services and on the subcommittee on Military Personnel, Manpower Utilization, and Emergency Defense Transportation.<ref name=ArchiveUM/> As a member of the House, Brewster voted for the Civil Rights Act of 1960.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

U.S. Senate (1963-1969)Edit

In 1962, Brewster ran for the United States Senate seat vacated by the retiring Republican senator John Marshall Butler. He defeated Congressman Edward Tylor Miller to become the first Democrat elected to the Senate from Maryland since 1946.<ref name=ArchiveUM/> Brewster served in the Senate from 1963 to 1969. In the Senate, Brewster voted in favor of the Civil Rights Acts of 1964 and the Civil Rights Act of 1968,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> as well as the Voting Rights Act of 1965 and the confirmation of Thurgood Marshall to the Supreme Court of the United States.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Brewster was instrumental in the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.<ref name=nytobit>Template:Cite news</ref>

Brewster sought re-election to the Senate in 1968. However, "his complicated personal life, his support of the Vietnam War and his increasingly serious problems with alcohol took their toll", and he was defeated by Republican Charles Mathias.<ref name="auto2">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In 1978, Brewster stated that the greatest mistake he made in his public life was his support for the Vietnam War.<ref name="auto1"/>

1964 presidential electionEdit

In 1964, Brewster ran in the Democratic presidential primaries against segregationist George Wallace. As Lyndon Johnson refused to run nationally, "favorite sons" were run in his place against Wallace, such as Matthew E. Welsh of Indiana and John W. Reynolds of Wisconsin. Brewster won his state's primary but was embarrassed by Wallace's showing of 43 percent; he barely carried Baltimore County.<ref name="Balt640530">Template:Cite news</ref>

Legal troublesEdit

In 1969, Brewster was indicted on 10 criminal counts of solicitation and acceptance of bribes while a United States senator,<ref name=Grossman2003>Template:Cite book</ref> as well as two counts of accepting illegal gratuities.<ref name=ArchiveUM/> The charges stemmed from a campaign contribution by Spiegel, Inc., a mail-order firm. Brewster maintained his innocence.<ref name=BostonGlobe_Lamb_20070822>Template:Cite news</ref>

At trial, the judge dismissed five of the charges, saying that Brewster's actions were protected under the Speech or Debate Clause of the U.S. Constitution. The prosecution appealed directly to the U.S. Supreme Court, which heard the case in 1971 and 1972. In June 1972, the Court held 6 to 3 in United States v. Brewster that the taking of illegal bribes was not protected speech, as taking of a bribe was not part of the "performance of a legislative function".<ref name=Grossman2003/><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

The charges were reinstated. Brewster stood trial and was found "not guilty" of the bribery charges but was convicted of accepting an unlawful gratuity "without corrupt intent." However, in August 1974,<ref name=Grossman2003/> his conviction was overturned on appeal due to the trial judge's improper instructions to the jury.<ref name=ArchiveUM/> In 1975, he pleaded no contest to a single misdemeanor charge of accepting an illegal gratuity "without corrupt intent" and was fined and allowed to keep his law license. The government dropped the other charges.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Post-Senate careerEdit

After leaving the Senate, Brewster took up farming in Glyndon, Maryland.<ref name="auto" />

As of 1978, Brewster operated his farm, worked as an alcoholism counselor at a veterans' hospital, led the Governor's Advisory Council on Alcoholism, and worked at "a quarter-way house in Baltimore".<ref name="auto1"/>

Personal life and deathEdit

Brewster married Carol Leiper DeHavenon of Philadelphia in 1954. The couple had two sons, Daniel Baugh Brewster, Jr. (born 1956) and Gerry Leiper Brewster (born 1958).<ref>Obituary: "Carol L. Brewster" Washington Post. February 10, 2010.</ref>

In 1967, Brewster "attended the funeral of William Bullitt, the U.S. ambassador to France. There, he became reacquainted with Anne Bullitt, Mr. Bullitt's daughter and Mr. Brewster's first fiancee, who had jilted the senator while he was overseas during the war". Brewster divorced his first wife.<ref name="auto2"/> On April 29, 1967, he married Anne Bullitt (1924–2007) at Glyndon, Maryland.<ref>Obituary: "Anne Moen Bullitt Biddle" New York Times. September 2, 2007.</ref> Brewster's second marriage also ended in divorce.<ref name="auto2"/>

Brewster was an alcoholic. According to his account, his drinking began to spiral out of control in 1964; by 1969, he was "'drinking with a vengeance'", and he almost died following an "alcoholic collapse". He sought inpatient rehabilitation multiple times, and reportedly became sober in 1973.<ref name="auto1"/>

In 1976, Brewster married Judy Lynn Aarsand after meeting her at an alcohol treatment facility.<ref name="auto2"/> The couple had three children, Danielle (born 1977) and twins Jennilie and Dana (born 1979).<ref name=ArchiveUM/> Judy died on October 11, 2024, at her home in Stuart, Florida.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Brewster survived large cell lymphoma and leukemia in the 1980s.<ref name="auto2"/>

Brewster died of liver cancer on August 19, 2007, at age 83. He was the last living former U.S. senator who left office in the 1960s.<ref name=nytobit/><ref name=BostonGlobe_Lamb_20070822/> He is buried at Saint Thomas' Episcopal Church Cemetery, Owings Mills, Maryland.<ref name="auto" />

LegacyEdit

Several individuals who served on Brewster's Senate staff in the 1960s later became politically prominent, including Nancy Pelosi and Steny Hoyer.<ref name=WashingtonPost_Weisman-Romano_20061116>Template:Cite news</ref>

In 2023, a biography of Brewster by John W. Frece, Self-Destruction: The Rise, Fall, and Redemption of U.S. Senator Daniel B. Brewster, was published by Loyola University Maryland's Apprentice House Press.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

ReferencesEdit

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