Template:Short description Template:Distinguish Template:About Template:Automatic taxobox
Laurus (Template:IPAc-en)<ref>Template:Cite Merriam-Webster</ref> is a genus of evergreen trees or shrubs belonging to the laurel family, Lauraceae. The genus contains three or more species,<ref name=TPL>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> including the bay laurel or sweet bay, L. nobilis, widely cultivated as an ornamental plant and a culinary herb.
DescriptionEdit
They are slow-growing, large, evergreen aromatic shrubs or trees with alternate, ovate leaves and insignificant yellow male and female flowers borne on separate plants (dioecious). They are frost-hardy but in temperate zones they require a sheltered spot in full sun that is not subject to prolonged freezing. Plants in pots can be moved into a cold greenhouse during the winter months.<ref name=RHSAZ>Template:Cite book</ref>
SpeciesEdit
The number of species in the genus has not yet been fully resolved.<ref name=TPL/> Three species are currently accepted:<ref name = powo/>
- Laurus azorica, Template:Small – Azores laurel. Native to the Azores.
- Laurus nobilis Template:Small – bay laurel, true laurel, or sweet bay. Native to the Mediterranean region. Used as an ornamental plant and culinary herb (one type of bay leaf) used in Mediterranean style dishes. It was also the original source of the laurel wreath of ancient Greece.
- Laurus novocanariensis Template:Small – native to Madeira and the Canary Islands. Formerly included in L. azorica.
Fossil historyEdit
Fossils dating from before the Pleistocene glaciations show that laurel forests containing species of Laurus were formerly distributed more widely around the Mediterranean and North Africa, when the climate was more humid and mild than at present.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> It is currently thought that the drying of the Mediterranean basin during the glaciations caused Laurus to retreat to the mildest climate refuges, including southern Spain, Portugal and the Macaronesian islands. With the end of the last glacial period, L. nobilis recovered some of its former range around the Mediterranean.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
ReferencesEdit
Further readingEdit
- Arroyo-García, R., Martínez-Zapater, J.M., Fernández Prieto, J.A., & Álvarez-Arbesú R. (2001). AFLP evaluation of genetic similarity among laurel populations. Euphytica 122 (1): 155-164.
- Barbero, M., Benabid, A., Peyre, C. & Quezel, P. (1981). Sur la presence au Maroc de Laurus azorica (Seub.) Franco. Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 37 (2): 467-472. Available online (pdf file; in French).
- Costa, J. C., Capelo, J., Jardim, R., Sequeira, M., (2004). Catálogo Florístico do Arquipélago da Madeira. Quercetea 6, 187-200.
- Mabberley, D.J (1997). The Plant Book: a Portable Dictionary of the Vascular Plants. Second edition, pp. 393–394.