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1148

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Template:Use mdy dates Template:About year Template:Year nav Template:C12 year in topic

File:RaymondOfPoitiersWelcomingLouisVIIinAntioch.JPG
Raymond of Poitiers welcoming King Louis VII of France (right) in Antioch.

Year 1148 (MCXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar.

EventsEdit

By placeEdit

Second CrusadeEdit

  • January 1 – The French crusaders under King Louis VII defeat a Turkish ambush next to the Meander River. Three days later they arrive at Laodicea – passing the spot where the German contingent led by Otto of Freising has been so disastrously ambushed (see 1147). The Crusaders are badly mauled as they cross Mount Cadmus (around January 8) before reaching Adalia on January 20.<ref>David Nicolle (2009). The Second Crusade 1148: Disaster outside Damascus, pp. 50–51. Template:ISBN.</ref>
  • January 8 – Battle of Mount Cadmus: The French crusaders under Louis VII are defeated by the Seljuk Turks. The vanguard led by Geoffrey de Rancon ignores orders to pause and moves too far ahead, losing touch with the main army. The French are attacked by the Turks with the baggage train (almost 10 km long) unprotected. Louis is able to escape the fray under cover of the darkness.<ref>David Nicolle (2009). The Second Crusade 1148: Disaster outside Damascus, p. 51. Template:ISBN.</ref>
  • March – The French crusaders are left in Adalia; lack of available shipping obliges Louis VII to divide his forces – the knights and best troops accompany him to St. Symeon. Large numbers of pilgrims and non-combatants try to continue along the coastal road. Continually harassed by the Turks many French and Germans are killed. Less than half of them arrive in the late spring at Antioch.<ref>David Nicolle (2009). The Second Crusade 1148: Disaster outside Damascus, p. 37. Template:ISBN.</ref>
  • March 7 – King Conrad III recovers from his wounds and leaves Constantinople with his household. He is well supplied with money by Emperor Manuel I Komnenos and uses these funds to recruit pilgrims to augment the forces that remain to him. Conrad and his re-equipped Crusaders sail with a Byzantine fleet to Palestine. The fleet is scattered by storms and lands in different ports.<ref>David Nicolle (2009). The Second Crusade 1148: Disaster outside Damascus, pp. 53–54. Template:ISBN.</ref>
  • March 19 – Louis VII and his wife, Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine, are welcomed at St. Symeon by Eleanor's uncle Raymond of Poitiers and all his household. Raymond escorts the French crusaders to Antioch, where for the next days festivities are held. He urges Louis to accompany him on an expedition against Aleppo but Louis refuses and prefers instead to finish his pilgrimage to Jerusalem.<ref>Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem, p. 226. Template:ISBN.</ref>
  • April – Southern French crusaders under Alfonso Jordan of Toulouse arrive by sea at Acre. Alfonso dies suddenly at Caesarea, resulting in the accusation that he has been poisoned by Raymond II, Count of Tripoli. Most of the Provençal forces turn back and return home. Meanwhile, an unknown proportion of northern European naval crusaders (from England and Germany) arrive at Acre.<ref>David Nicolle (2009). The Second Crusade 1148: Disaster outside Damascus, p. 54. Template:ISBN.</ref>
  • April–May – Louis VII and the French crusaders remain in Antioch, but there are rumours of an incestuous affair between Eleanor of Aquitaine and Raymond of Poitiers. Louis, alarmed for his honour, departs with his army to Jerusalem in late May. Meanwhile, Conrad III with his chief nobleman are welcomed by Queen Melisende and her 18-year-old son, co-ruler Baldwin III at Jerusalem.<ref>Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem, p. 227. Template:ISBN.</ref>
  • June – Mu'in ad-Din Unur, Seljuk ruler (atabeg) of Damascus, prepares for war and strengthens the fortifications of the city. He sends an urgent request for military assistance to the Zangid ruler Sayf al-Din. Unur orders his troops to destroy the water sources in areas that the Crusaders must cross. Seljuk governors of frontier provinces station scouting parties along the road to Damascus.<ref>David Nicolle (2009). The Second Crusade 1148: Disaster outside Damascus, p. 55. Template:ISBN.</ref>
  • June 24 – Council of Acre: Conrad III, Louis VII, Melisende and many other nobles join in a war council near Acre. They decide that Damascus rather than Edessa will be the primary target of the Second Crusade.<ref>Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem, p. 228. Template:ISBN.</ref>
  • July – The Crusaders under Baldwin III join forces with the Crusader armies of Louis VII and Conrad III (all together some 50,000 men) at Tiberias. They march up the Jordan Valley and cross into Zangid territory.<ref>David Nicolle (2009). The Second Crusade 1148: Disaster outside Damascus, p. 56. Template:ISBN.</ref>
  • July 24 – Zangid forces under Sayf al-Din arrive at Homs. Mu'in al-Din Unur sends a letter of ultimatum to the Crusader leaders to lift the siege of Damascus. Meanwhile, guerrilla attacks demoralise the Crusaders.<ref>David Nicolle (2009). The Second Crusade 1148: Disaster outside Damascus, p. 71. Template:ISBN.</ref>
  • July 28 – Siege of Damascus: The Crusaders are forced to withdraw from their siege of Damascus after only four days. First Conrad III, then the rest of the Crusader army, decides to retreat to Jerusalem.<ref>Baldwin, M. W. (1969). The First Hundred Years, p. 510. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press.</ref>
  • September – The French crusaders raid the province of Damascus, in reprisal for the failure of their siege. Mu'in al-Din Unur takes his forces to the Hawran to protect the harvest and its transport to Damascus.<ref>David Nicolle (2009). The Second Crusade 1148: Disaster outside Damascus, p. 83. Template:ISBN.</ref>
  • September 8 – Conrad III sails from Acre to Thessaloniki and forms an alliance with Manuel I against King Roger II of Sicily. During his visit Henry II, Duke of Austria ('Jasomirgott') marries Manuel's niece, Theodora Komnene.<ref>Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem, pp. 231–232. Template:ISBN.</ref>

EuropeEdit

  • February 1 – A small Crusader fleet of Genoese and English ships sets sail from Lisbon for the Holy Land.<ref name="auto">David Nicolle (2009). The Second Crusade 1148: Disaster outside Damascus, p. 16. Template:ISBN.</ref> The Anglo-Flemish Crusader fleet takes Oran.<ref>Picard C. (1997). La mer et les musulmans d'Occident au Moyen Age. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, p. 73.</ref>
  • Siege of Tortosa: A multinational force under Ramon Berenguer IV besieges the Almoravid city of Tortosa. After a 7-month siege the garrison surrenders.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
  • King Afonso I ("the Great") of Portugal takes Abrantes from the Almoravids. Ramon Berenguer IV conquers the lower Ebro plain (between 1148–1149).<ref name="auto"/>

EnglandEdit

  • October – Queen Matilda returns to Normandy, partially due to her difficulties with the Catholic Church. Without the support of Robert of Gloucester her personal fight for the English throne is over.<ref>Chibnall, Marjorie (1991). The Empress Matilda: Queen Consort, Queen Mother and Lady of the English, p. 148. London, UK: Basil Blackwell. Template:ISBN.</ref>

Seljuk EmpireEdit

AfricaEdit

By topicEdit

LiteratureEdit

ReligionEdit

TechnologyEdit

  • An Italian silk industry is started at Palermo by Roger II, who takes numbers of silk workers back from Greece.

BirthsEdit

DeathsEdit

ReferencesEdit

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