11 Parthenope

Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates {{#invoke:infobox|infoboxTemplate | class = vcard | titleclass = fn org | title = 11 Parthenope | image = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image=11 Parthenope VLT (2021), deconvolved.pdf|upright={{#if:||1.1}}|alt=}} | caption = Deconvolved VLT-SPHERE image of Parthenope | headerstyle = {{#if:#D6D6D6|background-color:#D6D6D6|background-color:#E0CCFF}} | labelstyle = max-width:{{#if:||11em}}; | autoheaders = y

| header1 = Discovery

| label2 = Discovered by | data2 = Annibale de Gasparis | label3 = Discovery site | data3 = Naples Obs. | label4 = Discovery date | data4 = 11 May 1850 | label5 = Template:Longitem | data5 =

| header10 = {{#if:|Designations|Designations}}

| label11 = Template:Longitem | data11 = (11) Parthenope | label12 = Pronunciation | data12 = Template:IPAc-en Template:Respell<ref>Noah Webster (1884) A Practical Dictionary of the English Language</ref> | label13 = Template:Longitem | data13 = Parthenopē | label14 = Template:Longitem | data14 = | label15 = Template:Longitem | data15 = Main belt | label16 = Adjectives | data16 = Parthenopean (Template:IPAc-en Template:Respell)
Parthenopian (Template:IPAc-en Template:Respell)<ref>Template:OED, Template:OED</ref> | label17 = Symbol | data17 = File:Parthenope symbol (bold).svg or File:Lyra symbol (bold).svg (historical)

| header20 = Orbital characteristics{{#ifeq:|yes| (barycentric)}}<ref name=jpldata>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

| data21 = | data22 = {{#if:17.0 October 2024 (JD 2460600.5) |Epoch 17.0 October 2024 (JD 2460600.5)}} | data23 = {{#if:0 | Uncertainty parameter 0}} | label24 = Observation arc | data24 = 63626 days (174.20 yr) | label25 = Earliest precovery date | data25 = | label26 = {{#switch:{{{apsis}}} |apsis|gee|barion|center|centre|(apsis)=Apo{{{apsis}}} |Ap{{#if:|{{{apsis}}}|helion}}}} | data26 = Template:Convert | label27 = Peri{{#if:|{{{apsis}}}|helion}} | data27 = Template:Convert | label28 = Peri{{#if:|{{{apsis}}}|apsis}} | data28 = | label29 = {{#switch:{{{apsis}}} |helion|astron=Ap{{{apsis}}} |Apo{{#if:|{{{apsis}}}|apsis}}}} | data29 = | label30 = Periastron | data30 = | label31 = Apoastron | data31 = | label32 = Template:Longitem | data32 = Template:Convert | label33 = Template:Longitem | data33 = | label34 = Eccentricity | data34 = 0.09943 | label35 = Template:Longitem | data35 = 3.84 yr (1403.6 d) | label36 = Template:Longitem | data36 = | label37 = Template:Longitem | data37 = 19.02 km/s | label38 = Template:Longitem | data38 = 71.503° | label39 = Template:Longitem | data39 = Template:Deg2DMS / day | label40 = Inclination | data40 = 4.63153° | label41 = Template:Longitem | data41 = | label42 = Template:Longitem | data42 = 125.506° | label43 = Template:Longitem | data43 = | label44 = Template:Longitem | data44 = 2024-Jan-12 | label45 = Template:Longitem | data45 = 196.071° | label46 = Template:Nowrap | data46 = | label47 = Satellite of | data47 = | label48 = Group | data48 = | label49 = {{#switch: |yes|true=Satellites |Known satellites}} | data49 = | label50 = Star | data50 = | label51 = Earth MOID | data51 = Template:Convert | label52 = Mercury MOID | data52 = | label53 = Venus MOID | data53 = | label54 = Mars MOID | data54 = | label55 = Jupiter MOID | data55 = Template:Convert | label56 = Saturn MOID | data56 = | label57 = Uranus MOID | data57 = | label58 = Neptune MOID | data58 = | label59 = T_Jupiter | data59 = 3.483

| header60 = Proper orbital elements

| label61 = Template:Longitem | data61 = {{#if: |{{{p_semimajor}}} AU}} | label62 = Template:Longitem | data62 = | label63 = Template:Longitem | data63 = | label64 = Template:Longitem | data64 = {{#if: |{{{p_mean_motion}}} degTemplate:\yr}} | label65 = Template:Longitem | data65 = {{#if:|{{#expr:360/1 round 5}} yr
({{#expr:365.25*360/1 round 3}} d) }} | label66 = Template:Longitem | data66 = {{#if:|{{{perihelion_rate}}} arcsecTemplate:\yr }} | label67 = Template:Longitem | data67 = {{#if:|{{{node_rate}}} arcsecTemplate:\yr}}

| header70 = Template:Anchor{{#if:yes| Physical characteristics|Physical characteristics}}

| label71 = Dimensions | data71 = Template:Val ± 6 km<ref name=VLT/> | label72 = Template:Longitem | data72 = Template:Val<ref name=VLT>P. Vernazza et al. (2021) VLT/SPHERE imaging survey of the largest main-belt asteroids: Final results and synthesis. Astronomy & Astrophysics 54, A56</ref>
Template:Val<ref name=jpldata/> | label73 = Template:Longitem | data73 = | label74 = Template:Longitem | data74 = | label75 = Template:Longitem | data75 = | label76 = Flattening | data76 = 0.12Template:Efn | label77 = Circumference | data77 = | label78 = Template:Longitem | data78 = | label79 = Volume | data79 = | label80 = Mass | data80 = Template:Val<ref name=VLT/>
Template:Val<ref name=Baer/> | label81 = Template:Longitem | data81 = Template:Val<ref name=VLT/>
Template:Val<ref name=Baer/> | label82 = Template:Longitem | data82 = 0.0578 m/s² | label83 = Template:Longitem | data83 = | label84 = Template:Longitem | data84 = 0.0941 km/s | label85 = Template:Longitem | data85 = Template:Convert<ref name=jpldata/>
Template:Val<ref name=VLT/> | label86 = Template:Longitem | data86 = | label87 = Template:Longitem | data87 = | label88 = Template:Longitem | data88 = 73°<ref name=VLT/> | label89 = Template:Longitem | data89 = | label90 = Template:Longitem | data90 = | label91 = Template:Longitem | data91 = Template:Val<ref name=VLT/> | label92 = Template:Longitem | data92 = Template:Val<ref name=VLT/> | label93 = {{#if:yes |Template:Longitem |Albedo}} | data93 = 0.187 (calculated)<ref name=VLT/>
Template:Val<ref name=jpldata/> | label94 = Temperature | data94 = ~174 K

| data100 = {{#if:|

{{#if:|}}{{#if:|}}{{#if:|}}{{#if:|}}

Surface temp.	min	mean	max
{{{temp_name1}}}
{{{temp_name2}}}
{{{temp_name3}}}
{{{temp_name4}}}

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| label101 = Surface absorbed dose rate | data101 = | label102 = Surface equivalent dose rate | data102 = | label103 = Template:Longitem | data103 = S-type asteroid<ref name=jpldata/> | label104 = Template:Longitem | data104 = | label105 = Template:Longitem | data105 = 8.68<ref name=AstDys-Parthenope >{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> to 12.16 | label106 = Template:Longitem | data106 = 6.73<ref name=jpldata/>
6.55<ref name=VLT/> | label107 = Template:Longitem | data107 = 0.178" to 0.057"

| header110 = Atmosphere

| label111 = Template:Longitem | data111 = | label112 = Template:Longitem | data112 = | label113 = Composition by volume | data113 =

| below = {{#if:||Template:Reflist }}

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11 Parthenope (Template:IPAc-en Template:Respell) is a large, bright main-belt asteroid.

Parthenope was discovered by Annibale de Gasparis on 11 May 1850, the second of his nine asteroid discoveries. It was named after Parthenopē, one of the Sirens in Greek mythology, said to have founded the city of Naples. De Gasparis "used his utmost endeavours to realise a 'Parthenope' in the heavens, such being the name suggested by Sir John Herschel on the occasion of the discovery of Hygiea in 1849".<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> Two symbols were proposed for Parthenope: a fish and a star (in the pipeline for Unicode 17.0 as U+1CEC4 𜻄 File:Parthenope symbol (fixed width).svg) while such symbols were still in use, and later a lyre (in the pipeline for Unicode 17.0 as U+1F77A 🝺 File:Lyra symbol (fixed width).svg) in lists of symbols. Both are obsolete.<ref name=astunicode>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=pipeline>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

There have been two observed Parthenopian occultations, on 13 February 1987, and 28 April 2006.

On 6 August 2008, during a perihelic opposition, Parthenope had an apparent magnitude of 8.8.

In 1988 a search for satellites or dust orbiting this asteroid was performed using the UH88 telescope at the Mauna Kea Observatories, but the effort came up empty.<ref name="Gradie1988"/>

Based upon a light curve that was generated from photometric observations of this asteroid at Pulkovo Observatory, it has a rotation period of 13.722 ± 0.001 hours and varies in brightness by 0.10 ± 0.0s in magnitude. The light curve displays three maxima and minima per cycle.<ref name="Pilcher2011"/> The JPL Small-Body Database lists a rotation period of 13.7204 hours.<ref name=jpldata/>

Mass

In 2007, Baer and Chesley calculated a higher mass and density for Parthenope based on perturbations by the 90 km asteroid 17 Thetis. Baer and Chesley calculated a mass of 6.3Template:E kg with a density of 3.3 g/cm³.<ref name="Baer2007">Template:Cite journal</ref> 2008 estimates by Baer suggest a mass of 6.15Template:E kg.<ref name=Baer>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The 1997 and 2001 estimates by Viateau and Rapaport were closer to 5Template:E kg with a density of 2.7 g/cm³.<ref name="Baer2007"/>

See also

• List of former planets

External links

• Lightcurve plot of 11 Parthenope, Palmer Divide Observatory, B. D. Warner (2008)
• IOTA (International Occultation Timing Association) occultation database
• 2011-Jan-26 Occultation / (2011 Asteroidal Occultation Results for North America)
• Template:AstDys
• Template:JPL small body

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