1265

The restored Byzantine Empire and surrounding lands in 1265.

EventsEdit

January 20 – In Westminster, the first elected English parliament (called Montfort's Parliament) conducts its first meeting in the Palace of Westminster, later to be known as the Houses of Parliament.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
March – End of the Hungarian Civil War (1264–1265) – Battle of Isaszeg: Younger King Stephen decisively defeats his father's army.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
May 28 – Future King Edward I of England escapes the captivity of Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
June 18 – A draft Byzantine–Venetian treaty is concluded between Venetian envoys and Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos, but is not ratified by Doge Reniero Zeno<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
August 4 – Second Barons' War in England: The Battle of Evesham is fought in Worcestershire, with the army of Edward defeating the forces of rebellious barons led by Simon de Montfort, resulting in the death of Montfort and many of his allies. This is sometimes considered the death of chivalry in England.<ref name=":0b">Template:Cite book</ref>
The Isle of Man comes under Scottish rule.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

The Mamluk Sultanate Bahri dynasty of Egypt captures several cities and towns from Crusader states in the Middle East, including the cities of Haifa, Arsuf, and Caesarea Maritima; these events eventually precipitate the Eighth Crusade in 1267.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Kublai Khan sends a delegation to Japan, which loots islands along the way.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Fire destroys parts of Old Cairo.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
India, Delhi: Ghiyas-Ud-Din-Balban comes to the throne and introduces Sijdah.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Mongol armies, led by Nogai Khan, raid Thrace.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
In the first major battle in five years (since the Song dynasty Chinese pushed the forces of Kublai Khan back across the Yangzi River, after Möngke Khan's failed invasion in 1259), Kublai Khan engages the Chinese in Sichuan province. Kublai gains a preliminary victory, and war booty of 146 captured Song dynasty naval ships.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

The Book of Aneirin, a Welsh manuscript of poetry, is penned.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
The brewing of Budweiser Budvar beer begins in Bohemia; Budweiser Budvar has been produced continuously there to this day.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Correspondence from Pope Clement IV contains the first known mention of the ring of the Fisherman, an item of papal regalia then used to seal personal correspondence from the pope, and later for papal bulls.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
February 5 – Pope Clement IV succeeds Pope Urban IV, as the 183rd pope.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>