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1315

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File:Great famine.jpg
An illuminated picture of the Great Famine of 1315–1317

Template:Year nav Template:C14 year in topic Year 1315 (MCCCXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar.

EventsEdit

January – MarchEdit

  • January 2 – King Edward II of England buries his friend, the late Piers Gaveston, having secured a papal absolution in one of the last acts of Pope Clement V. The burial takes place somewhere near the King's Langley Priory in Hertfordshire, but the location of the tomb is subsequently forgotten. Gaveston had been excommunicated before he had been executed.
  • January 20 – The English Parliament is convened at Lincoln to hear the reading of the Articuli Cleri, the list of grievances against the church in England. The parliament ends on March 9.
  • February 12 – Italian sculptor Tino di Camaino is commissioned by the Republic of Pisa to create the statue of the late Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor (Enrico VII di Lussemburgo, King of Italy), to be finished in less than six months for the August 24 dedication of Henry's tomb. Camaino delivers the work by July 26.<ref>"Sienese and Pisan Trecento Sculpture", by W. R. Valentiner, in The Art Bulletin (March 1927) p.192</ref>
  • February 15 – John of Argyll reports to King Edward II of England that he and his army have recovered the Isle of Man and expelled the Scottish occupiers.<ref>Archibald A. M. Duncan, ed., Acts of Robert I (1306-1329) (Edinburgh University Press, 1988) p. 378.</ref>
  • March 4 (4 Dhu al-Hijjah 714 AH) – The Emir of Mecca, Abu al-Ghayth, is defeated in a battle near Mecca by his brother Humaydah ibn Abi Numayy.<ref>al-Najm Ibn Fahd, Itḥāf al-wará bi-akhbār Umm al-Qurá, p. 152–153</ref> Wounded in battle, then captured by the enemy, Abu al-Ghayth is executed by order of his brother at Khayf Bani Shadid.
  • March 8 – The Al-Shamah Mosque, in modern-day Gaza City in Palestine, is completed after being commissioned by the Mamluk Sultanate Governor of Gaza, Sanjar al-Jawli.<ref>Martin Abraham Meyer, History of the City of Gaza: from the earliest times to the present day (Columbia University Press, 1907) p.150</ref>
  • March 27 – In China, Kunga Lotro Gyaltsen is installed as the Imperial Preceptor of Tibetan Buddhists, by order of the Mongol Emperor Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan.

April – JuneEdit

July – SeptemberEdit

  • July 3 – King Louis X abolishes serfdom in the Kingdom of France.<ref>"Lettres portant que les serfs du Domaine du Roy seront affranchis, moyennant finance, Imprimerie nationale, 3 juillet 1315", in Recueil général des anciennes lois françaises, vol. 3, p. 583</ref>
  • July 6 – In Germany, Henry II, Lord of Mecklenburg is married to Anna of Saxe-Wittenberg , daughter of Albert II, Duke of Saxony. The marriage produces an heir, Albert II, who will become Duke of Mecklenburg in 1348.
  • July 22 – Siege of Carlisle: Scottish forces led by King Robert the Bruce besiege Carlisle Castle, but the stronghold holds out, due to a well-conducted defense organized by Andrew Harclay and the siege is abandoned by August 1.<ref name=Armstrong>Template:Cite book.</ref><ref name=McNamee>McNamee, Colin (2010). Rogers, Clifford J. (ed.). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Medieval Warfare and Military Ttechnology, Volume 1, pp. 127–128. Oxford University Press. Template:ISBN.</ref>
  • July 24 – Otto II, Prince of Anhalt-Aschersleben, dies without leaving any heirs, bringing an end to the Principality. His assets are seized by his cousin and creditor, Bishop Albert of Halberstadt.<ref>Jan Gyllenbok, Encyclopaedia of Historical Metrology, Weights, and Measures Volume 2 (Springer, 2018) p.1146</ref>
  • July 28 – King Louis X of France issues a charter in allowing expelled Jews to come back to France, but under strict conditions. The French Jews will be allowed to stay in the country for 12 years, after which their right to remain will be reviewed. For identification, Jewish people are required to wear armbands in public, can only live in designated communities and are forbidden from usury. Through this, the Jewish community will depend upon the king for their right to protection.<ref>Robert Chazan, Church, State, and Jews in the Middle Ages (Behrman House, 1979) pp.79–80</ref> In December, Sultan Ismail I of Granada implements similar rules for the Jews in the Spanish kingdom, directing Jews to wear a yellow badge in public.<ref>Ulysse R. (1891). Les Signes d'Infamie. Translated by Adler C. and Jacobs J. in the Jewish Encyclopedia: The unedited full-text of the 1906 Jewish Encyclopedia.</ref>
  • July 31 – King Louis X mobilizes an army along the Flemish border. He prohibits the export of grain and other goods to Flanders – which proves challenging to enforce.<ref>Carl Jacob Kulsrud, Maritime Neutrality to 1780: A History of the Main Principles Governing Neutrality and Belligerency to 1780 (Little, Brown and Company, 1936) p.213</ref> Louis pressures officers of the Church at the borderlands, as well as King Edward II, to support his effort to prevent Spanish merchant vessels from trading with the embargoed Flemish cities.<ref>Jordan, William Chester (2005). Unceasing Strife, Unending Fear: Jacques de Therines and the Freedom of the Church in the Age of the Last Capetians, pp. 151–152. Princeton University Press.</ref>
  • August 1 – After a 10-day siege of the Irish stronghold at Carlisle, King Robert of Scotland withdraws on August 1. During the Scots' presence in Cumbria, Scottish forces under James the Black raid Copeland and plunder St Bees Priory.<ref name=Armstrong/><ref name=McNamee/>
  • August 11 (12th day of 7th month of 4 Shōwa) – Hōjō Mototoki becomes ruler (shogun) and regent (shikken) of the Kamakura shogunate in Japan upon the death of Hōjō Hirotoki.
  • August 17 – Ferdinand of Majorca completes the conquest of the Principality of Achaea, one of the crusader states that had been founded in Greece during the Fourth Crusade, by capturing the capital, Andravida.
  • August 19 – King Louis X of France, nicknamed "Louis the Quarrelsome", marries the 22-year-old Clementia of Hungary,daughter of Charles Martel of Anjou (titular king of Hungary). He and his second wife are five days later crowned at Reims. Louis becomes the 12th Capetian ruler of France. After his coronation, he passes the throne of the Kingdom of Navarre to his younger brother, who becomes Philip II of Navarre, nicknamed "Philip the Tall".<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
  • August 24 – The coronation of Louis X as King of France takes place at Reims, nine months after Louis ascended the throne upon the death of his father, Philip IV.
  • August 29 – Battle of Montecatini: The Pisan army (some 20,000 men) led by Uguccione della Faggiuola defeats the allied forces of Florence and Naples. During the battle, Philip I manages to escape, but his son Charles of Taranto (titled the Latin Emperor of Constantinople and his brother Peter Tempesta are killed.<ref>Kelly, Samantha (2003). The New Solomon: Robert of Naples (1309–1343) and Fourteenth Century Kingship, p. 228. Brill.</ref>
  • September 3 (3 Jumada II 715 AH) – Rumaythah ibn Abi Numayy, the former emir of Mecca, arrives at the court of the Mamluk Sultan of Egypt, al-Nasir Muhammad in Cairo. He receives pardon from the Sultan and seeks support against the new Emir, Humaydah ibn Abi Numayy, who had killed his brother and predecessor, Abu al-Ghayth. Al-Nasir sends Rumaythah back to Mecca with an Egyptian army. However, six days before the relief army's arrival, Humaydah pillages and burns the castle at Wadi Marr, and destroys 2,000 date palm trees.
  • September 10 – The Battle of Connor is fought in County Antrim in Ireland (Northern Ireland) as part of the Bruce campaign in Ireland. Scottish-Irish forces commanded by Edward Bruce, brother of Scotland's King Robert the Bruce, routs the army commanded by "The Red Earl", Richard Óg de Burgh, 2nd Earl of Ulster.<ref>Art Cosgrove, ed., Art, ed., A New History of Ireland (Oxford University Press, 2008) pp.286–288</ref> Those earls not captured by the Scottish army flee to Carrickfergus Castle

October – DecemberEdit

By topicEdit

Natural disastersEdit

  • Spring – Great Famine of 1315–1317: A famine and pestilence sweeps over Europe, and exacts so frightful a toll of human life that the phenomenon is to be regarded as one of the most impressive features of the period. It covers almost the whole of Northern Europe; the current territory of Ireland, England, France, Netherlands, Germany and Poland. Heavy rains and unseasonably cold weather, the ensuing harvest failures and death of livestock from starvation, and the sharp rise in food prices cause an acute shortage of food that will last for two years. The famine causes millions of deaths (according to estimates, around 10 to 25% of the urban population dies).<ref>Jordan, W. C. (1996). The Great Famine: Northern Europe in the early Fourteenth Century, pp. 169–170. Princeton University Press.</ref> On August 10, King Edward II of England witnesses its extent in his realm when he and his entourage stop at St Albans and find bread and other food unavailable.<ref>"Edward II: The Great Famine, 1315 to 1317", by Kathryn Warner (2009)</ref>

Cities and townsEdit

BirthsEdit

DeathsEdit

ReferencesEdit

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