19P/Borrelly

Template:Short description {{#invoke:infobox|infoboxTemplate | class = vcard | titleclass = fn org | title = 19P/Borrelly | image = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image=Comet Borrelly Nucleus.jpg|upright={{#if:||1.1}}|alt=}} | caption = | headerstyle = {{#if:#FFE0C2|background-color:#FFE0C2|background-color:#E0CCFF}} | labelstyle = max-width:{{#if:||11em}}; | autoheaders = y

| header1 = Discovery

| header10 = {{#if:|Designations|Designations}}

| header20 = Orbital characteristics{{#ifeq:|yes| (barycentric)}}

| data21 = | data22 = {{#if:2022-08-09 (JD 2459800.5) |Epoch 2022-08-09 (JD 2459800.5)}} | data23 = {{#if: | Uncertainty parameter {{{uncertainty}}}}} | label24 = Observation arc | data24 = | label25 = Earliest precovery date | data25 = | label26 = {{#switch:{{{apsis}}} |apsis|gee|barion|center|centre|(apsis)=Apo{{{apsis}}} |Ap{{#if:|{{{apsis}}}|helion}}}} | data26 = 5.90 AU<ref name=MPC/> | label27 = Peri{{#if:|{{{apsis}}}|helion}} | data27 = 1.306 AU<ref name=MPC/> | label28 = Peri{{#if:|{{{apsis}}}|apsis}} | data28 = | label29 = {{#switch:{{{apsis}}} |helion|astron=Ap{{{apsis}}} |Apo{{#if:|{{{apsis}}}|apsis}}}} | data29 = | label30 = Periastron | data30 = | label31 = Apoastron | data31 = | label32 = Template:Longitem | data32 = 3.61 AU | label33 = Template:Longitem | data33 = | label34 = Eccentricity | data34 = 0.6377 | label35 = Template:Longitem | data35 = 6.85 yr | label36 = Template:Longitem | data36 = | label37 = Template:Longitem | data37 = | label38 = Template:Longitem | data38 = | label39 = Template:Longitem | data39 = | label40 = Inclination | data40 = 29.30° | label41 = Template:Longitem | data41 = | label42 = Template:Longitem | data42 = | label43 = Template:Longitem | data43 = | label44 = Template:Longitem | data44 = 2028-Dec-11<ref name="Horizons2028"/>
February 1, 2022 (last)<ref name=MPC>Template:Mpc</ref> | label45 = Template:Longitem | data45 = | label46 = Template:Nowrap | data46 = | label47 = Satellite of | data47 = | label48 = Group | data48 = | label49 = {{#switch: |yes|true=Satellites |Known satellites}} | data49 = | label50 = Star | data50 = | label51 = Earth MOID | data51 = Template:Convert | label52 = Mercury MOID | data52 = | label53 = Venus MOID | data53 = | label54 = Mars MOID | data54 = | label55 = Jupiter MOID | data55 = | label56 = Saturn MOID | data56 = | label57 = Uranus MOID | data57 = | label58 = Neptune MOID | data58 = | label59 = T_Jupiter | data59 =

| header60 = Proper orbital elements

| label61 = Template:Longitem | data61 = {{#if: |{{{p_semimajor}}} AU}} | label62 = Template:Longitem | data62 = | label63 = Template:Longitem | data63 = | label64 = Template:Longitem | data64 = {{#if: |{{{p_mean_motion}}} deg Template:\yr}} | label65 = Template:Longitem | data65 = {{#if:|{{#expr:360/1 round 5}} yr
({{#expr:365.25*360/1 round 3}} d) }} | label66 = Template:Longitem | data66 = {{#if:|{{{perihelion_rate}}} arcsec Template:\yr }} | label67 = Template:Longitem | data67 = {{#if:|{{{node_rate}}} arcsec Template:\yr}}

| header70 = Template:Anchor{{#if:| Physical characteristics|Physical characteristics}}

| label71 = Dimensions | data71 = 8×4×4 km<ref name=Weaver2003>Template:Cite journal</ref> | label72 = Template:Longitem | data72 = | label73 = Template:Longitem | data73 = 2.4 km<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> | label74 = Template:Longitem | data74 = | label75 = Template:Longitem | data75 = | label76 = Flattening | data76 = | label77 = Circumference | data77 = | label78 = Template:Longitem | data78 = | label79 = Volume | data79 = | label80 = Mass | data80 = 2Template:E kg<ref>Using the volume of an ellipsoid of 8x4x4km * a rubble pile density of 0.3 g/cm³ yields a mass (m=d*v) of 2.0E+13 kg.</ref> | label81 = Template:Longitem | data81 = 0.3 g/cm³<ref name=Britt2006>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> | label82 = Template:Longitem | data82 = | label83 = Template:Longitem | data83 = | label84 = Template:Longitem | data84 = | label85 = Template:Longitem | data85 = | label86 = Template:Longitem | data86 = | label87 = Template:Longitem | data87 = | label88 = Template:Longitem | data88 = | label89 = Template:Longitem | data89 = | label90 = Template:Longitem | data90 = | label91 = Template:Longitem | data91 = | label92 = Template:Longitem | data92 = | label93 = {{#if: |Template:Longitem |Albedo}} | data93 = 0.03<ref name=dark>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> | label94 = Temperature | data94 =

| data100 = {{#if:|

Surface temp.	min	mean	max
{{{temp_name1}}}
{{{temp_name2}}}
{{{temp_name3}}}
{{{temp_name4}}}

}}

| header110 = Atmosphere

| below = {{#if:||Template:Reflist }}

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Epoch	Perihelion (AU)
Perihelion distance at recent epochs<ref name=MPC/>
2028	1.310<ref name="Horizons2028"/>
2022	1.306
2015	1.349
2008	1.355

Comet Borrelly Template:IPAc-en or Borrelly's Comet (official designation: 19P/Borrelly) is a comet with a period of 6.85 years that was visited by the spacecraft Deep Space 1 in 2001. The comet last came to perihelion (closest approach to the Sun) on February 1, 2022<ref name=MPC/><ref name="Yoshida"/> and will next come to perihelion on December 11, 2028.<ref name="Horizons2028"/>

19P/Borrelly closest Earth approach on 2028-Dec-05
Date & time of closest approach	Earth distance (AU)	Sun distance (AU)	Velocity wrt Earth (km/s)	Velocity wrt Sun (km/s)	Uncertainty region (3-sigma)	Reference
2028-Dec-05 19:12 ± 6 min	Template:Convert	Template:Convert	17.3	33.3	± 41 thousand km	Horizons

Deep Space 1 returned images of the comet's nucleus from 3400 kilometers away. At 45 meters per pixel, it was the highest resolution view ever seen of a comet up until that time.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

DiscoveryEdit

The comet was discovered by Alphonse Borrelly during a routine search for comets at Marseille, France on December 28, 1904.

ExplorationEdit

Deep Space 1 flybyEdit

File:Animation of Deep Space 1 trajectory.gif

Animation of Deep Space 1Template:'s trajectory from 24 October 1998 to 31 December 2003
Template:Legend2 Template:·Template:Legend2 Template:·Template:Legend2 Template:·Template:Legend2

On September 21, 2001 the spacecraft Deep Space 1, which was launched to test new equipment in space, performed a flyby of Borrelly. It was steered toward the comet during the extended mission of the craft, and presented an unexpected bonus for the mission scientists. Despite the failure of a system that helped determine its orientation, Deep Space 1 managed to send back to Earth what were, at the time, the best images and other science data from a comet.

File:Orbits of periodic comets.svg

The orbits of three periodic comets, 1P/Halley, 19P/Borrelly and 153P/Ikeya-Zhang, set against the orbits of the outer planets.

ReferencesEdit

Template:Reflist

External linksEdit

http://jcometobs.web.fc2.com/pcmtn/0019p.htm
19P – Gary W. Kronk's Cometography
Elements and Ephemeris for 19P/Borrelly – Minor Planet Center

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