2069 Hubble

Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates {{#invoke:infobox|infoboxTemplate | class = vcard | titleclass = fn org | title = 2069 Hubble | image = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image=|upright={{#if:||1.1}}|alt=}} | caption = | headerstyle = {{#if:#D6D6D6|background-color:#D6D6D6|background-color:#E0CCFF}} | labelstyle = max-width:{{#if:||11em}}; | autoheaders = y

| header1 = Discovery<ref name="jpldata" />

| header10 = {{#if:|Designations|Designations}}

| header20 = Orbital characteristics{{#ifeq:|yes| (barycentric)}}<ref name="jpldata" />

| data21 = | data22 = {{#if:4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5) |Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)}} | data23 = {{#if:0 | Uncertainty parameter 0}} | label24 = Observation arc | data24 = 62.22 yr (22,727 days) | label25 = Earliest precovery date | data25 = | label26 = {{#switch:{{{apsis}}} |apsis|gee|barion|center|centre|(apsis)=Apo{{{apsis}}} |Ap{{#if:|{{{apsis}}}|helion}}}} | data26 = 3.7484 AU | label27 = Peri{{#if:|{{{apsis}}}|helion}} | data27 = 2.5729 AU | label28 = Peri{{#if:|{{{apsis}}}|apsis}} | data28 = | label29 = {{#switch:{{{apsis}}} |helion|astron=Ap{{{apsis}}} |Apo{{#if:|{{{apsis}}}|apsis}}}} | data29 = | label30 = Periastron | data30 = | label31 = Apoastron | data31 = | label32 = Template:Longitem | data32 = 3.1606 AU | label33 = Template:Longitem | data33 = | label34 = Eccentricity | data34 = 0.1860 | label35 = Template:Longitem | data35 = 5.62 yr (2,052 days) | label36 = Template:Longitem | data36 = | label37 = Template:Longitem | data37 = | label38 = Template:Longitem | data38 = 81.951° | label39 = Template:Longitem | data39 = Template:Deg2DMS / day | label40 = Inclination | data40 = 9.1064° | label41 = Template:Longitem | data41 = | label42 = Template:Longitem | data42 = 46.406° | label43 = Template:Longitem | data43 = | label44 = Template:Longitem | data44 = | label45 = Template:Longitem | data45 = 70.185° | label46 = Template:Nowrap | data46 = | label47 = Satellite of | data47 = | label48 = Group | data48 = | label49 = {{#switch: |yes|true=Satellites |Known satellites}} | data49 = | label50 = Star | data50 = | label51 = Earth MOID | data51 = | label52 = Mercury MOID | data52 = | label53 = Venus MOID | data53 = | label54 = Mars MOID | data54 = | label55 = Jupiter MOID | data55 = | label56 = Saturn MOID | data56 = | label57 = Uranus MOID | data57 = | label58 = Neptune MOID | data58 = | label59 = T_Jupiter | data59 =

| header60 = Proper orbital elements

| label61 = Template:Longitem | data61 = {{#if: |{{{p_semimajor}}} AU}} | label62 = Template:Longitem | data62 = | label63 = Template:Longitem | data63 = | label64 = Template:Longitem | data64 = {{#if: |{{{p_mean_motion}}} deg Template:\yr}} | label65 = Template:Longitem | data65 = {{#if:|{{#expr:360/1 round 5}} yr
({{#expr:365.25*360/1 round 3}} d) }} | label66 = Template:Longitem | data66 = {{#if:|{{{perihelion_rate}}} arcsec Template:\yr }} | label67 = Template:Longitem | data67 = {{#if:|{{{node_rate}}} arcsec Template:\yr}}

| header70 = Template:Anchor{{#if:yes| Physical characteristics|Physical characteristics}}

| label71 = Dimensions | data71 = 34.44 km Template:Small<ref name="lcdb" />
Template:Val km<ref name="SIMPS" />
Template:Val km<ref name="Masiero-2014" />
Template:Val km<ref name="Nugent-2015" />
Template:Val km<ref name="AKARI" />
Template:Val km<ref name="WISE" />
Template:Val km<ref name="Nugent-2016" />
Template:Val km<ref name="Masiero-2012" /> | label72 = Template:Longitem | data72 = | label73 = Template:Longitem | data73 = | label74 = Template:Longitem | data74 = | label75 = Template:Longitem | data75 = | label76 = Flattening | data76 = | label77 = Circumference | data77 = | label78 = Template:Longitem | data78 = | label79 = Volume | data79 = | label80 = Mass | data80 = | label81 = Template:Longitem | data81 = | label82 = Template:Longitem | data82 = | label83 = Template:Longitem | data83 = | label84 = Template:Longitem | data84 = | label85 = Template:Longitem | data85 = Template:Val h<ref name="Warner-2005f" /> | label86 = Template:Longitem | data86 = | label87 = Template:Longitem | data87 = | label88 = Template:Longitem | data88 = | label89 = Template:Longitem | data89 = | label90 = Template:Longitem | data90 = | label91 = Template:Longitem | data91 = | label92 = Template:Longitem | data92 = | label93 = {{#if:yes |Template:Longitem |Albedo}} | data93 = Template:Val<ref name="Masiero-2012" />
Template:Val<ref name="Nugent-2016" />
Template:Val<ref name="Nugent-2015" />
Template:Val<ref name="WISE" />
Template:Val<ref name="AKARI" />
0.0410 Template:Small<ref name="lcdb" />
Template:Val
Template:Val<ref name="SIMPS" /> | label94 = Temperature | data94 =

| data100 = {{#if:|

Surface temp.	min	mean	max
{{{temp_name1}}}
{{{temp_name2}}}
{{{temp_name3}}}
{{{temp_name4}}}

}}

| label101 = Surface absorbed dose rate | data101 = | label102 = Surface equivalent dose rate | data102 = | label103 = Template:Longitem | data103 = C<ref name="lcdb" /> | label104 = Template:Longitem | data104 = | label105 = Template:Longitem | data105 = | label106 = Template:Longitem | data106 = 11.1<ref name="SIMPS" /><ref name="AKARI" /><ref name="WISE" />Template:·Template:Val<ref name="Veres-2015" />Template:·11.30<ref name="Nugent-2015" />Template:·11.32<ref name="Masiero-2012" />Template:·11.4<ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="lcdb" />Template:·11.48<ref name="Nugent-2016" /> | label107 = Template:Longitem | data107 =

| header110 = Atmosphere

| below = {{#if:||Template:Reflist }}

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2069 Hubble, provisional designation Template:Mp, is a carbonaceous asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 40 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 29 March 1955, by the Indiana Asteroid Program at Goethe Link Observatory, United States, and named after American astronomer Edwin Hubble.<ref name="springer" /><ref name="MPC-Hubble" />

OrbitEdit

Hubble orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.6–3.7 AU once every 5 years and 7 months (2,052 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.19 and an inclination of 9° with respect to the ecliptic.<ref name="jpldata" /> Its first unused observations, Template:Mp, was made at Goethe Link in 1953. The body's observation arc begins at NAOJ's Mitaka Campus, 8 days prior to its official discovery observation at Goethe Link.<ref name="MPC-Hubble" />

Physical characteristicsEdit

LightcurveEdit

In January 2005, American astronomer Brian Warner obtained a rotational lightcurve of Hubble from photometric observations taken at his Palmer Divide Observatory in Colorado. Lightcurve analysis showed an unusual tri-modal lightcurve with a rotation period of 32.52 hours and a brightness variation of 0.10 in magnitude.<ref name="Warner-2005f" />Template:Efn While not being a slow rotator, Hubble has a longer than average spin rate, as the vast majority of asteroids rotate between 2.2 and 20 hours once around their axis.

Diameter and albedoEdit

According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite, and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Hubble measures between 34.53 and 46.92 kilometers in diameter, and its surface has an albedo between 0.024 and 0.0538.<ref name="SIMPS" /><ref name="Masiero-2014" /><ref name="Nugent-2015" /><ref name="AKARI" /><ref name="WISE" /><ref name="Nugent-2016" /><ref name="Masiero-2012" /> The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link classifies it as a carbonaceous C-type asteroid, derives an albedo of 0.041 and a shorter diameter of 34.44 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 11.4.<ref name="lcdb" />

NamingEdit

This minor planet was named after the famous American astronomer Edwin Hubble (1889–1953). He pioneered in the exploration of the Universe beyond the Milky Way galaxy and established a self-consistent distance scale as far as the 100-inch Hooker Telescope at Mount Wilson Observatory could reach. Hubble's law and the discovery of the expanding Universe were his greatest achievements. His classification scheme for galaxies, the Hubble sequence, is still the standard and often called the Hubble tuning-fork. Hubble also discovered the minor planet 1373 Cincinnati, his only asteroid discovery. The lunar crater Hubble is also named after him.<ref name="springer" /> The approved naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 20 December 1983 (Template:Small).<ref name="MPC-Circulars-Archive" />

NotesEdit

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ReferencesEdit

Template:Reflist

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