Achille Occhetto

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Achille Leone Occhetto ({{#invoke:IPA|main}}; born 3 March 1936) is an Italian political figure. He served as the last secretary-general of the Italian Communist Party (PCI) between 1988 and 1991, and was the first leader of the Democratic Party of the Left (PDS), the parliamentary socialist successor of the PCI, from 1991 to 1994.

Early life and career

Occhetto was born in Turin. He served as secretary of the Italian Communist Youth Federation, to which he had belonged starting from 1953, from 1963 to 1966. Subsequently, he was the regional secretary of the PCI in Sicily, where he distinguished himself for his war against any kind of mafia.

In 1986, Occhetto was appointed as national coordinator of the PCI and became its secretary in 1988, succeeding Alessandro Natta. Under his leadership, the party witnessed the collapse of both the Berlin Wall and the Soviet Union. He responded by declaring the Communist state experience over, and persuaded the PCI to dissolve and refound itself as a democratic socialist party, the PDS. This political shift, known in Italian politics as the Svolta della Bolognina (the name derives from the celebration of a partisan battle in World War II), during which he announced that the PCI would change its name, logo, and orientation, was accepted by approximately 70% of the members at the 20th National Congress held on 8 February 1991.

In 1994, Occhetto challenged and was defeated by Silvio Berlusconi in the 1994 Italian general election, leading the Alliance of Progressives; because of this loss, he resigned as party secretary. He returned to politics in the 2004 European Parliament election in Italy, being elected to the European Parliament on a joint ticket with anti-corruption campaigner Antonio Di Pietro; he immediately resigned and was replaced by Giulietto Chiesa. After the 2006 Italian general election, he returned to the European Parliament by taking up one of the seats vacated by an elected deputy, and sat as an Independent member of the Party of European Socialists group. In 2009, he joined the new left-wing formation Left Ecology Freedom. He is an atheist.<ref>Maria Latella, "Occhetto: pecca chi vota i vecchi DC", Il Corriere della Sera, 28 January 1994, p. 2.</ref>

Personal life

Occhetto was married to the activist and former actress Elisa Kadigia Bove, with whom he had two sons, Malcolm and Massimiliano (both born in Sicily); he was later married to fellow party member Aureliana Alberici.<ref name="bio">Biography|Achille Occhetto Template:Webarchive (in Italian)</ref>

Electoral history

Election	House	Constituency	Party		Votes	Result
1976	Chamber of Deputies	Palermo–Trapani–Agrigento–Caltanissetta	bgcolor="Template:Party color" |	PCI	67,134	Template:Tick Elected
1979	Chamber of Deputies	Palermo–Trapani–Agrigento–Caltanissetta	bgcolor="Template:Party color" |	PCI	45,563	Template:Tick Elected
1983	Chamber of Deputies	Palermo–Trapani–Agrigento–Caltanissetta	bgcolor="Template:Party color" |	PCI	51,144	Template:Tick Elected
1987	Chamber of Deputies	Palermo–Trapani–Agrigento–Caltanissetta	bgcolor="Template:Party color" |	PCI	76,368	Template:Tick Elected
1989	European Parliament	North-West Italy	bgcolor="Template:Party color" |	PCI	533,077	Template:Tick Elected
1992	Chamber of Deputies	Rome–Viterbo–Latina–Frosinone	bgcolor="Template:Party color" |	PDS	143,905	Template:Tick Elected
1994	Chamber of Deputies	Bologna – Borgo Panigale	bgcolor="Template:Party color" |	PDS	52,997	Template:Tick Elected
1994	European Parliament	North-West Italy	bgcolor="Template:Party color" |	PDS	378,088	Template:Tick Elected
1996	Chamber of Deputies	Bologna – Borgo Panigale	bgcolor="Template:Party color" |	PDS	58,632	Template:Tick Elected
2001	Senate of the Republic	Calabria – Cosenza	bgcolor="Template:Party color" |	DS	49,596	Template:Tick Elected
2004	European Parliament	North-West Italy	bgcolor="Template:Party color" |	IdV	13,857	Template:Cross Not elected

First-past-the-post elections

1994 general election (C): Bologna – Borgo Panigale
Candidate		Coalition or Party	Votes	%
bgcolor="Template:Party color"|	Achille Occhetto	Progressives (PDS)	52,997	59.8
bgcolor="Template:Party color"|	Pier Ferdinando Casini	Pole of Freedoms (CCD)	17,925	20.2
bgcolor="Template:Party color"|	Anselmo Ruocco	National Alliance	7,388	8.3
bgcolor="Template:Party color"|	Maria Gualandi	Pact for Italy (PPI)	7,133	8.0
bgcolor="Template:Party color"|	Oliviero Toscani	Pannella List	3,225	3.6
Total			88,668	100.0
Turnout			91,571	95.0

1996 general election (C): Bologna – Borgo Panigale
Candidate		Coalition or Party	Votes	%
bgcolor="Template:Party color"|	Achille Occhetto	The Olive Tree (PDS)	58,632	69.9
bgcolor="Template:Party color"|	Gian Luca Galletti	Pole for Freedoms (CCD)	25,293	30.1
Total			83,925	100.0
Turnout			88,380	93.2

External links

• A declaration about "Il Cantiere", a new political project