Acinonyx

Acinonyx is a genus within the Felidae family.<ref name=msw3>Template:MSW3 Wozencraft</ref> The only living species of the genus, the cheetah (A. jubatus), lives in open grasslands of Africa and Asia.<ref name=Krausman2005>Template:Cite journal</ref>

Several fossil remains of cheetah-like cats were excavated that date to the late Pliocene and Middle Pleistocene.<ref name=Hemmer2008>Template:Cite journal</ref> These cats occurred in Africa, parts of Europe and Asia about 10,000 years ago. Several similar species classified in the genus Miracinonyx lived in North America at the same time; these may have been more closely related to the genus Puma.<ref name=Krausman2005/>

Taxonomy

Acinonyx was proposed by Joshua Brookes in 1828.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Between the late 18th century and the early 20th century, the following Acinonyx species and subspecies were described:<ref name=msw3/>

• Felis jubatus by Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber in 1777 was based on earlier descriptions by Comte de Buffon and Thomas Pennant.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
  • Felis venatica by Griffith in 1821 was based on a sketch of a cheetah from India.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
  • Cynailurus soemmeringi by Fitzinger in 1855 was a live male cheetah brought by Theodor von Heuglin to Tiergarten Schönbrunn from Kordofan in southern Sudan.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
  • Acinonyx hecki by Hilzheimer in 1913 was a captive cheetah from Senegal in the Berlin Zoological Garden, named in honour of the zoo's director.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

In 1993, Acinonyx was placed in the monophyletic subfamily Acinonychinae. Molecular phylogenetic analysis has shown that it is the sister group of the genus Puma, and it is now placed within the subfamily Felinae.<ref name=msw3/>

In addition, the following fossil Acinonyx species were described:

• Acinonyx pardinensis by Croizet et Jobert in 1828<ref name=C&J1828>Template:Cite book</ref>
• Acinonyx arvernensis by Croizet et Jobert in 1828<ref name=C&J1828/>
• Acinonyx intermedius by Thenius in 1954<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
• Acinonyx aicha by Geraads in 1997<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
• Acinonyx pleistocaenicus by Zdansky in 1925<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

The "Linxia Cheetah" ("A. kurteni") was initially described by Christiansen and Mazák in 2009 on the basis of a skull from Pliocene strata in China, and touted as the most primitive member of the genus.<ref>Template:Cite journal Template:Retracted</ref> In 2012, "A. kurteni" was invalidated as a species when the holotype was determined to be a forgery composed of Miocene-aged fragments.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

See also

• American cheetahs of the related genus Miracinonyx