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Ajmer-Merwara

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Template:Short description Template:Use Indian English Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox former subdivision

Ajmer-Merwara (also known as Ajmir Province,<ref>Geography of India</ref> and Ajmer-Merwara-Kekri) was a former province of British India in the historical Ajmer region. The territory was ceded to the British by Daulat Rao Sindhia by a treaty on 25 June 1818. It was under the Bengal Presidency until 1861 when it became part of the North-Western Provinces.<ref>The Imperial Gazetteer of India, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1908-1931</ref> Finally on 1 April 1871, it became a separate province as Ajmer-Merwara-Kekri. It became a part of independent India on 15 August 1947 when the British left India.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The province consisted of the districts of Ajmer and Merwara, which were physically separated from the rest of British India forming an enclave amidst the many princely states of Rajputana. Unlike these states, which were ruled by local nobles who acknowledged British suzerainty, Ajmer-Merwara was administered directly by the British.

In 1842, the two districts were under a single commissioner, then they were separated in 1856 and were administered by the East India Company. Finally, after 1858, by a chief commissioner who was subordinate to the Governor-General of India's agent for the Rajputana Agency.

Extent and geographyEdit

The area of the province was Template:Convert. The plateau, on whose centre stands the town of Ajmer, may be considered as the highest point in the plains of North India; from the circle of hills which hem it in, the country slopes away on every side - towards river valleys on the east, south, west and towards the Thar Desert region on the north. The Aravalli Range is the distinguishing feature of the district. The range of hills which runs between Ajmer and Nasirabad marks the watershed of the continent of India. The rain which falls on the southeastern slopes drains into the Chambal, and so into the Bay of Bengal; that which falls on the northwest side into the Luni River, which discharges itself into the Rann of Kutch.<ref name="EB1911">{{#if: | 

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The province is on the border of what may be called the arid zone; it is the debatable land between the north-eastern and south-western monsoons, and beyond the influence of either. The south-west monsoon sweeps up the Narmada valley from Bombay and crossing the tableland at Neemuch gives copious supplies to Malwa, Jhalawar and Kota and the countries which lie in the course of the Chambal River.<ref name="EB1911"/>

The clouds which strike Kathiawar and Kutch are deprived of a great deal of their moisture by the hills in those countries (now the majority of this region is in Gujarat state within independent India), and the greater part of the remainder is deposited on Mount Abu and the higher slopes of the Aravalli Range, leaving but little for Merwara, where the hills are lower, and still less for Ajmer. It is only when the monsoon is in considerable force that Merwara gets a plentiful supply from it. The north-eastern monsoon sweeps up the valley of the Ganges from the Bay of Bengal and waters the northern part of Rajasthan, but hardly penetrates farther west than the longitude of Ajmer. The rainfall of the district depends on the varying strength of these two monsoons. The agriculturist of Ajmer-Merwara could never rely upon two good harvests in succession.<ref name="EB1911"/>

British ruleEdit

Part of the Ajmer region, the territory of the future province was ceded to the British by Daulat Rao Sindhia of Gwalior State as part of a treaty dated 25 June 1818. Then in May 1823 the Merwara (Mewar) part was ceded to Britain by Udaipur State. Thereafter Ajmer-Merwara was administered directly by the British East India Company. After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, in 1858 the powers of the company were transferred to the British Crown and the Governor-General of India. His administration of Ajmer-Merwara was controlled by a chief commissioner who was subordinate to the British agent for the Rajputana Agency.<ref>Ajmer Merwara The Imperial Gazetteer of India, 1909, v. 5, p. 137-146.</ref>

Superintendents for AjmerEdit

Superintendents for Merwara (from Feb 1842, Ajmer-Merwara)Edit

Agents of the Governors-general for the Rajputana agencyEdit

  • 1832Template:Snd29 Nov 1833 Abraham Lockett (1781–1834)
  • 29 Nov 1833Template:SndJun 1834 Alexander Speirs
  • Jun 1834Template:Snd1 Feb 1839 Nathaniel Alves
  • 1 Feb 1839Template:Snd1839 John Ludlow (acting) (1788–1880)
  • Apr 1839Template:SndDec 1847 James Sutherland (died 1848)
  • Jan 1844Template:SndOct 1846 Charles Thoresby (died 1862) (acting for Sutherland)
  • Dec 1847Template:SndJan 1853 John Low (1788–1880)
  • 25 Jun 1848Template:Snd19 Nov 1848 Showers (acting for Low)
  • 8 Sep 1851Template:Snd1 Dec 1851 D.A. Malcolm (acting for Low)
  • 1852Template:Snd1853 George St. Patrick Lawrence (1804–1884) (1st time)
  • 5 Mar 1853Template:SndFeb 1857 Henry Montgomery Lawrence (1806–1857)
  • 15 Mar 1857Template:SndApr 1864 George St. Patrick Lawrence (s.a.) (2nd time)
  • 10 Apr 1859Template:Snd24 Nov 1860 William Frederick Eden (1814–1867) (acting for Lawrence)
  • Apr 1864Template:Snd1867 William Frederick Eden (s.a.)
  • 1867Template:Snd1870 Richard Harte Keatinge (1825–1904)
  • 15 Jun 1870Template:Snd1 Apr 1871 John Cheap Brooke (1818–1899) (acting for Keatinge)

Chief CommissionersEdit

Template:See also

Post-independenceEdit

From the date of partition and independence in 1947 until 1950, Ajmer-Merwara remained a province of the new Dominion of India. In 1950 it became Ajmer State, which on 1 November 1956, was merged into the state of Rajasthan.

The Rajasthan Land Reforms and Resumption of Jagirs Act, 1952 was the landmark in the legal history of land reforms in Rajasthan which was followed by Rajasthan Tenancy Act, 1955 that became applicable to the whole of Rajasthan. The overriding effect of this Act provided relief to the existing tenants and the rights accrued to tenants accordingly. Now the Jats are major land holders in the region.

See alsoEdit

  • Rawat Rajputs
  • The Mer (community) are a Hindu caste from the Gujarat and Central India who emigrated hundred of years ago from Ajmer-Merwara and the surrounding regions of Rajputana.
  • Mair Rajputs of Punjab are a Hindu caste who emigrated hundreds of years ago to Punjab from Ajmer-Merwara and the surrounding regions of Rajputana.

ReferencesEdit

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