Ajyad Fortress
Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox historic site The Ajyad Fortress (Template:Langx, Template:Langx; Template:Langx) was an Ottoman citadel which stood on a hill overlooking the Grand Mosque of Mecca, in what is now Saudi Arabia. Built in the late 18th century, it was demolished by the Saudi government in 2002 for commercial development of the Abraj Al Bait, sparking protests from Turkey and other concerned Muslims of the world.
HistoryEdit
The fortress was built in 1780 under Ottoman rule (later Hejaz vilayet) to protect the Kaaba in Mecca from bandits and invaders.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="BBC 20 January 2015">Template:Cite news</ref> The fort covered some Template:Convert on Bulbul Mountain<ref name="ArabNews20020109">Template:Cite news</ref> (a spur of Jebel Kuda) overlooking the Masjid al-Haram from the south. The Ottoman Empire ruled a vast empire covering the Arabian Peninsula, the Balkans, and North Africa. However, the empire disintegrated at the beginning of the 20th century and present-day Turkey was established as a secular state.<ref name="BBC 20 January 2015"/>
From 1 to 9 January 2002 the Ajyad Fortress was demolished and most of Bulbul mount was leveled,<ref name="ArabNews20020109"/> to clear the area for the $15 billion construction project.<ref> {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}of Abraj Al Bait Towers.</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
ReactionsEdit
The destruction of the historic structure stirred both domestic and international protest.<ref name="conf"> {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }} </ref> The Turkish Foreign Minister İsmail Cem İpekçi as well as several institutions tried to prevent the demolition.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The Turkish Democratic Left Party (DSP) Deputy Ertuğrul Kumcuoğlu even suggested a boycott on travelling to Saudi Arabia.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The Turkish Ministry of Culture and Tourism condemned the obliteration of the fortress, comparing the act to the destruction of the Buddhas of Bamyan, and accusing the Saudi authorities of "continuing with their policy of demolishing Ottoman heritage sites".<ref> {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Turkish Ministry of Culture Announcement Retrieved 03-28-2008 Template:Webarchive</ref>
The French news agency Agence France-Presse (AFP) quoted Saudi Islamic affairs Minister Saleh al-Shaikh as saying "no-one has the right to interfere in what comes under the state's authority". In reference to the housing component of the plan, al-Sheikh added that it was intended to house pilgrims to Mecca, and said "this is in the interest of Muslims all over the world".<ref name="wsw">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Arab commenters are dismissive of the protests against the destruction, and ascribed them to a residual bitterness on the loss of the Arabian peninsula by the Ottoman Empire.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
However, the destruction of this and other historic sites fueled criticism of the Saudis, and plans were made to rebuild the castle, as ordered by the King in 2001:<ref> {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }} </ref>
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King Fahd has given his approval for the King Abdul Aziz Endowment for the Holy Haram and for the preparation of the project site by removing the hill and the castle. The king instructed that the castle should be preserved in full by rebuilding it," the minister said.<ref>https://www.arabnews.com/node/217196</ref>{{#if:|{{#if:|}}
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A Template:Frac scale model of the fortress is included along with other architectural models at the Miniatürk miniature park in Istanbul, Turkey.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
Template:ReflistTemplate:Castles in Saudi ArabiaTemplate:Coord