Akatziri

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The Akatziri, Akatzirs or Acatiri (Template:Langx, {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, {{#invoke:Lang|lang}};<ref name="Latham1860">Template:Cite book</ref> Template:Langx) were a tribe that lived north of the Black Sea, though the Crimean city of Cherson seemed to be under their control in the sixth century.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn Jordanes (Template:Floruit 551) called them a mighty people, not agriculturalists but cattle-breeders and hunters.Template:Sfn Their ethnicity is undetermined: the 5th-century historian Priscus describes them as ethnic ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) Scythians, but they are also referred to as Huns (Akatiri Hunni<ref name="Latham1860"/>). Their name has also been connected to the Agathyrsi.<ref name="Latham1860"/>Template:Sfn However, according to E. A. Thompson, any conjectured connection between the Agathyrsi and the Akatziri should be rejected outright.Template:Sfn

History

Roman emperor Theodosius II (Template:Reign) sent an envoy to the Akatziri trying to detach them from their alliance with the Hunnic ruler Attila (435–453),Template:Sfn an effort made to stir up fighting which also ensued.Template:Sfn In 447 or 448 the Huns successfully campaigned against the Akatziri.Template:Sfn In 448 or 449, as Priscus recounts "Onegesius along with the eldest of Attila's children, had been sent to the Akateri, a Scythian people, whom he was bringing into an alliance with Attila".Template:Sfn As the Akatziri tribes and clans were ruled by different leaders, emperor Theodosius II tried with gifts to spread animosity among them, but the gifts were not delivered according to rank, Karadach (Kouridachos) warned and called Attila against fellow leaders.Template:Sfn So Attila did, Kardach stayed with his tribe or clan in own territory, while the rest of the Akatziri became subjected to Attila.Template:Sfn Attila's son Ellac was installed as ruler of the Akatziri.Template:Sfn According to Sinor (1990), they were absorbed by the Saragurs in the 460s.Template:SfnTemplate:Clarification needed.

Akatziri rulers

• Karadach, reigned to 448<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Attilid dynasty

• Ellac, r. 448–454Template:Sfn<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• Dengizich, r. 454–469Template:Efn
• Ernak, r. 454 – after 469Template:Efn

Possible descendants

Akatziri were also hypothesized to be a Turkic tribe, their ethnonym connected to Turkic {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, 'woodman'Template:Sfn or *Aq Qazir "White Khazars".Template:Sfn However, Peter B. Golden further remarked that: " Neither of these theses has been firmly grounded in anything beyond phonetic resemblance";Template:Sfn and the other hypothesis that Akatziri were ancestors of the Khazars is not backed up by any solid evidence.<ref name="Brook2006">Template:Cite book</ref> Omeljan Pritsak links Ak-Katzirs (< {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) to the name Khazar, though he explains that the polity was named Khazar simply because the Ashina-ruled Western Turks, after losing their territories to Tang Chinese, took over the territory formerly occupied by the Akatziri.Template:Sfn

Sources

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• Template:Cite bookAtwood notes that Jordanes describes how the Crimean city of Cherson, "where the avaricious traders bring in the goods of Asia", was under the control of the Akatziri Huns in the sixth century.Template:Citation
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