Alès

Template:Short description Template:Distinguish Template:Redirect Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox French commune

Alès ({{#invoke:IPA|main}}) is a commune and subprefecture in the Gard department in the Occitania region in Southern France. Until 1926, it was officially known as Alais.

GeographyEdit

Alès lies Template:Convert north-northwest of Nîmes, on the left bank of the river Gardon d'Alès, which half surrounds it. It is located at the foot of the Cévennes, near the Cévennes National Park. Alès station has rail connections to Nîmes, Mende and Clermont-Ferrand.

HistoryEdit

Template:Stack Alès may be the modern successor of Arisitum, where, in about 570, Sigebert, King of Austrasia, created a bishopric. In his campaign against the Visigoths, the Merovingian king Theudebert I (533–548) conquered part of the territory of the Diocese of Nîmes. His later successor Sigebert set up the new diocese, comprising fifteen parishes in the area controlled by the Franks, which included a number of towns to the north of the Cevenne: Alès, Le Vigan, Arre, Arrigas, Meyrueis, Saint-Jean-du-Gard, Anduze, and Vissec. The diocese disappeared in the 8th century with the conquest of the whole of Septimania by the Franks.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> No longer a residential bishopric, Arisitum is today listed by the Catholic Church as a titular see.<ref>Annuario Pontificio 2013 (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013 Template:ISBN), p. 839</ref>

After the Edict of Nantes, Alès was one of the places de sûreté given to the Huguenots. Louis XIII took back the town in 1629, and the Peace of Alès, signed on 29 June of that year, suppressed the political privileges of the Protestants, while continuing to guarantee toleration.<ref name="EB1911"/>

At the request of Louis XIV, a see was again created at Alais by Pope Innocent XII, in 1694. The future Cardinal de Bausset, Bossuet's biographer, was Bishop of Alais from 1784 to 1790.<ref name="EB1911"/> It was suppressed after the French Revolution, and its territory was divided between the diocese of Avignon and the diocese of Mende.

DemographicsEdit

Template:Historical populations

EconomyEdit

Alès is the centre of a mining district and hosts the École des Mines d'Alès.

Historically, according to the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1911):

"The town is one of the most important markets for raw silk and cocoons in the south of France, and the Gardon supplies power to numerous silk-mills. It is also the centre of a mineral field, which yields large quantities of coal, iron, zinc and lead; its blast-furnaces, foundries, glass-works and engineering works afford employment to many workmen."<ref name="EB1911">Template:Cite EB1911</ref>

SportsEdit

The town has one association football team called Olympique Alès who currently play in the Championnat National.

SightsEdit

Historically, according to the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition:

"The streets are wide and its promenades and fine plane-trees make the town attractive; but the public buildings, the chief of which are the Saint-Jean-Baptiste cathedral, a heavy building of the 18th century, and the citadel, which serves as barracks and prison, are of small interest."<ref name="EB1911"/>

Template:Clear left

Parc botanique de la Tour Vieille

Notable peopleEdit

File:SilkAndPasteurAles.JPG

Statue of Louis Pasteur

Rigord (Template:Circa), chronicler (probable birthplace)
Jean-Pierre des Ours de Mandajors (1679–1747), historian and playwright
Jean-Baptiste Dumas (1800–1884), chemist
Gabriel Montoya (1868–1914), Parisian chansonnier
Charles Dugas (1885–1957), archaeologist and hellenist
Edgard de Larminat (1895–1962), general
Louis Leprince-Ringuet (1901–2000), physicist
Lucile Randon (1904–2023), supercentenarian and former world's oldest person
Maurice André (1933–2012), trumpeter
Catherine Daufès-Roux (born 1963), former Member of Parliament
Laurent Blanc (born 1965), footballer
Stéphane Sarrazin (born 1975), sportscar racing driver, rally driver
Romain Dumas (born 1977), sportscar racing driver
Audrey Lamy (born 1981), actress and humorist
Nabil El Zhar (born 1986), footballer
Vincent Abril (born 1995), sportscar racing driver

Louis Pasteur did his research on the silkworm disease (pébrine and flacherie) at Alès, and the town dedicated a bust to his memory. There is also a statue of the chemist J.B. Dumas.<ref name="EB1911"/> Alphonse Daudet wrote his semi-autobiographical novel "Le Petit Chose" while teaching at the Collège of Alès.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>