Ancud

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Ancud ({{#invoke:IPA|main}}) is a city in southern Chile located in the northernmost part of the island and province of Chiloé, in Los Lagos Region. It is the second largest city of Chiloé Archipelago after Castro. The city was established in 1768 to function as the capital of the archipelago and held that position until 1982. Founded as bulwark against foreign powers in colonial times, the city played an important role in the Chilean colonization of Patagonia in the 19th century.

Geography

Numerous glaciations have dredged the Chacao Channel to the north, separating Chiloé Island from mainland Chile to the north, marking the border between two natural regions of Chile, Zona Sur to the north and Zona Austral to the south. The Pacific Ocean lies on the west as the Chilean Coastal Range continues as a chain of islands. To the southeast of the commune is Quemchi and Dalcahue to the south. The commune has a surface area of Template:Convert.<ref name="INE"/> To the west are the coastal villages of Pumillahue and Quetalmahue, among others. 25 kilometers west of Ancud lies Islotes de Puñihuil Natural Monument, a group of preserved islands that provide habitat to various penguin species.

History

Prior to its establishment as a Spanish settlement the site of Ancud was known as Puerto Inglés (lit. English port). It was on here that Hendrik Brouwer, the leader of the Dutch expedition to Valdivia died on August 7, 1643, before reaching Valdivia.<ref name=Kock>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

As consequence of the Seven Years' War the Spanish authorities had the coastal fortification system of Chile updated and expanded.<ref name=MEMCh2>Template:Citation</ref><ref name=MEMCh>Template:Citation</ref> Inspired in the recommendations of former governor Antonio Narciso de Santa María, the Spanish founded the "city-fort" of Ancud in 1767–1768 and separated Chiloé from the Captaincy General of Chile into a direct dependency of the Viceroyalty of Peru.<ref name=Urbina2014>Template:Cite journal</ref> As with other 18th-century forts in Chile, the establishment of Ancud led through the new Ancud-Castro road to an expansion on local trade and agriculture.<ref name=Sahady2010>Template:Cite journal</ref>

Between 1839 and 1864 the Chilean Navy ran the Ancud Nautical School (Template:Langx) in the town.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Among its alumni was Francisco Hudson.<ref name=Sepulveda>Template:Citation</ref>

Climate

Ancud has an oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification Cfb) with significant precipitation in each month.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> Winters are cool and wet with a July average of Template:Convert. Precipitation during this time of the year is very high, averaging around Template:Convert and humidity is high, averaging around 87-88%.<ref name="DMC" /> Summers are mild with a January average of Template:Convert and during this time, precipitation is lower though still significant, averaging Template:Convert in January.<ref name="DMC" /> Temperatures rarely exceed Template:Convert. The average annual precipitation is Template:Convert and there are 200 days with measureable precipitation. However, precipitation is highly variable from year to year with 1993 being the driest, recording only Template:Convert and 1977 being the wettest at Template:Convert.<ref name="DMC" /> The record high was Template:Convert on January 27, 1975, and the record low was Template:Convert on June 30, 1970.<ref name="DMC" />

Demographics

According to the 2002 census of the National Statistics Institute, Ancud spans an area of Template:Convert and has 39,946 inhabitants (19,793 men and 20,153 women). Of these, 27,292 (68.3%) lived in urban areas and 12,654 (31.7%) in rural areas. The population grew by 6.5% (2,430 persons) between the 1992 and 2002 censuses.<ref name= "INE"/> The demonym of a person from Ancud is Ancuditano for a man and Ancuditana for a woman.

Administration

As a commune, Ancud is a third-level administrative division of Chile administered by a municipal council, headed by an alcalde who is directly elected every four years. The 2008-2012 alcalde is Federico Krüger Finterbüch.<ref name="Official"/>

Within the electoral divisions of Chile, Ancud is represented in the Chamber of Deputies by Mr. Gabriel Ascencio (PDC) and Mr. Alejandro Santana (RN) as part of the 58th electoral district, together with Castro, Quemchi, Dalcahue, Curaco de Vélez, Quinchao, Puqueldón, Chonchi, Queilén, Quellón, Chaitén, Hualaihué, Futaleufú and Palena. The commune is represented in the Senate by Camilo Escalona Medina (PS) and Carlos Kuschel Silva (RN) as part of the 17th senatorial constituency (Los Lagos Region).

Education

Previously the area had a German school, Deutsche Schule Ancud-Chiloe.<ref>"Deutscher Bundestag 4. Wahlperiode Drucksache IV/3672" (Archive). Bundestag (West Germany). 23 June 1965. Retrieved on 12 March 2016. p. 21/51.</ref>

Landmarks

Cathedral

Template:Expand section The Cathedral of Ancud is the main religious temple of the city, and it is a building built after the 1960 earthquake, in the same place as the temple destroyed during that event.

Colonial fort system

File:Fuerte San Antonio Ancud.jpg

View of the battery of San Antonio.

Template:Further The fort system of Ancud together with nearby the forts of Agüi one of the four fort systems that existed in colonial Chiloé.<ref name=Sahady2010/><ref name=Sahady2011>Template:Cite journal</ref> The fort system of Ancud is made up of two forts and four batteries. Fuerte Real de San Carlos was built as late as 1824 by orders of Antonio de Quintanilla, the last Spanish governor of Chiloé. The arsenal (polvorín) of this can still be seen at the centre of a small plaza. The battery of San Antonio is the best preserved part of the fort system.<ref name=Sahady2011/>

Gallery

• Ancud-Fuerte San Antonio.jpg

  Fuerte San Antonio

• AncudCostanera.jpg

  Avenida Salvador Allende

• AncudCostanera2.jpg

  Avenida Salvador Allende

• AncudCatedral.jpg

  Cathedral

• AncudPlaza.jpg

  Plaza de Armas and Town Hall

• AncudMonumento.jpg

  Firebrigade Monument

See also

• Ancud Volcanic Complex
• Churches of Chiloé
• Islotes de Puñihuil Natural Monument
• Mahlon Williamson (barque)

External links

• Template:Wikivoyage-inline
• Template:In lang Municipality of Ancud
• Satellite view of the Chiloé Archipelago (Google maps)
• Satellite view of Ancud (Google maps)