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Anderlecht

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Template:Short description Template:About Template:Expand French Template:Use British English Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox Belgium municipality

Anderlecht ({{#invoke:IPA|main}}; {{#invoke:IPA|main}}) is one of the 19 municipalities of the Brussels-Capital Region, Belgium. Located in the south-western part of the region, it is bordered by the City of Brussels, Forest, Molenbeek-Saint-Jean, and Saint-Gilles, as well as the Flemish municipalities of Dilbeek and Sint-Pieters-Leeuw. In common with all of Brussels' municipalities, it is legally bilingual (French–Dutch).

There are several historically and architecturally distinct districts within Anderlecht. Template:As of, the municipality had a population of 126,581 inhabitants.<ref name="IBSA">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The total area is Template:Convert, which gives a population density of Template:Convert.<ref name="IBSA" /> Its upper area is greener and less densely populated.

HistoryEdit

Origins and medieval timesEdit

The first traces of human activity on the right bank of the Senne date from the Stone Age and Bronze Age. The remnants of a Roman villa and of a Frankish necropolis were also found on the territory of Anderlecht.Template:Sfn The first mention of the name Anderlecht, however, dates only from 1047 under the forms Anrelech, then Andrelet (1111), Andreler (1148), and Anderlech (1186). At that time, this community was already home to a chapter of canonsTemplate:Sfn and to two feudal manors, those of the powerful lords of Aa and of Anderlecht.Template:Sfn

File:Saint Guido Church (14).jpg
Collegiate Church of St. Peter and St. Guido

In 1356, the Count of Flanders, Louis II, fought against Brussels on the territory of Anderlecht, in the so-called Battle of Scheut, supposedly over a monetary matter.<ref>Jean Baptiste Nicolas Coomans, Jeanne Goetghebuer : chronique brabançonne du XIVe siècle (in French), Brussels, Coomans, 1854, p.57</ref> Although he defeated his sister-in-law, the Duchess of Brabant, Joanna, and briefly took her title, she regained it the following year with the help of the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles IV. In 1393, Joanna's charter made Anderlecht a part of Brussels. It is also around this time that the church of Saint Guy was rebuilt in Brabantine Gothic style above an earlier Romanesque crypt.

15th–18th centuriesEdit

The village of Anderlecht became a beacon of culture in the 15th and 16th centuries. In 1521, the Dutch humanist writer and theologian Erasmus of Rotterdam stayed in the canons' house for a few months. Charles, Duke of Aumale and Grand Veneur of France also had a residence there.

The 17th and 18th centuries were marked by the wars between the Low Countries and France. During the Nine Years' War, it is from the high ground of Scheut, in the northern part of Anderlecht, that the bombardment of Brussels of 1695 took place. Together with the resulting fire, it was the most destructive event in the entire history of Brussels.Template:Sfn On 13 November 1792, right after the Battle of Jemappes, General Dumouriez and the French Revolutionary army routed the Austrians there once again.<ref>Pierre-François (1821). Précis ou histoire a brégée des guerres de la Révolution française (in French), p. 13</ref><ref>Antoine de Jomini, Histoire critique et militaire des guerres de la Révolution: Campagne de 1792 (in French), t. 2, Paris, 1820, p. 238–239.</ref> Among the consequences were the disbanding of the canons and Anderlecht being proclaimed an independent municipality by the French.

File:KartuisScheut.png
The Carthusian Monastery depicted in Chorographia Sacra Brabantiae (1727). On the horizon are Anderlecht and Scheut.

By the end of the 18th century, Anderlecht including its dependencies, which extended to Brussels' city walls, counted around 2,000 inhabitants. In Scheut, on the site of the Carthusian Monastery, stood a chapel called Our Lady of Scheut, whose pleasant location, in the middle of a grove, made this place very popular at the time.<ref name="Fransen">Bart Fransen, Restanten van een meesterwerk : de bouwsculptuur van de kapel van Scheut, in: Millennium, Tijdschrift voor middeleeuwse studies (in Dutch), 2009, no. 1–2, p. 112–128</ref>

19th century and laterEdit

The 19th century saw a remarkable population growth, mainly because of the proximity to a rapidly expanding Brussels. The {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}/{{#invoke:Lang|lang}} was laid out in 1828, through the former property of the Carthusians. The population multiplied by ten between 1830 and 1890 and doubled again between 1890 and 1910. Along the {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}/{{#invoke:Lang|lang}} and the Brussels–Charleroi Canal, a series of industrial and working-class districts connected the centre of Anderlecht to Cureghem.

Remarkable new urban developments and garden cities such as La Roue/Het Rad, Moortebeek and {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}/{{#invoke:Lang|lang}} were built at the beginning of the 20th century to house the influx of newcomers. Following World War II, some remaining green parts of the municipality also made way for large-scale urban renewal following the modernist Athens Charter and Park system, such as the housing projects Scherdemael, Peterbos and Marius Renard in the upper town, and Aurore near the canal.

In recent years, Anderlecht has gained international attention thanks to its very successful football club.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

GeographyEdit

LocationEdit

File:Anderlecht Brussels-Capital Belgium Map.svg
Location of Anderlecht within Brussels

Anderlecht is located in the north-central part of Belgium, about Template:Convert from the Belgian coast and about Template:Convert from Belgium's southern tip. It is located in the heartland of the Brabantian Plateau, about Template:Convert south of Antwerp (Flanders), and Template:Convert north of Charleroi (Wallonia). It is the westernmost municipality in the Brussels-Capital Region and is an important crossing point for the Brussels–Charleroi Canal, which cuts the municipality in two from the west. With an area of Template:Convert, it is also the third largest municipality in the region after the City of Brussels and Uccle. It is bordered by the City of Brussels, Forest, Molenbeek-Saint-Jean, and Saint-Gilles, as well as the Flemish municipalities of Dilbeek and Sint-Pieters-Leeuw.

ClimateEdit

Anderlecht, in common with the rest of Brussels, experiences an oceanic climate (Köppen: Cfb) with warm summers and cool winters.<ref name="Brussels,+Brussels+Capital,+Belgium&units=|title=Brussels, Belgium Climate Classification Köppen (Weatherbase)">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Proximity to coastal areas influences the area's climate by sending marine air masses from the Atlantic Ocean. Nearby wetlands also ensure a maritime temperate climate. On average (based on measurements in the period 1981–2010), there are approximately 135 days of rain per year in the region. Snowfall is infrequent, averaging 24 days per year. It also often experiences violent thunderstorms in summer months.

The Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium (IRM/KMI) is located in Uccle, in the south of Brussels. The meteorological records which are carried out there are similar to those which could be carried out in Anderlecht.

Template:Weather box

DistrictsEdit

File:Anderlecht OSM.png
Map of Anderlecht

The territory of Anderlecht is very heterogeneous and is characterised by a mixture of larger districts including smaller residential and (formerly) industrial neighbourhoods. The area along the canal is currently experiencing a large revitalisation programme, as part of the {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} of the Brussels-Capital Region.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Historical centreEdit

File:Anderlecht, Dapperheidsplein.jpg
A view of the Place de la Vaillance / Dapperheidsplein with the Church of St. Guido in the background

The historical centre of Anderlecht is the municipality's central district. Formerly known as Rinck,Template:Sfn it is divided into several sectors:

  • The {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}/{{#invoke:Lang|lang}} district, also called the {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}/{{#invoke:Lang|lang}} district, is the meeting point for those who hail to the heart of Anderlecht. It is also where the Place de la Vaillance/Dapperheidsplein (Anderlecht's central square), the Church of St. Guido, the {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}/{{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, as well as Anderlecht's main schools are located. The {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}/{{#invoke:Lang|lang}} is the municipality's main shopping street. It is centred on the {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}/{{#invoke:Lang|lang}} and some neighbouring streets.
  • The smaller Aumale district in its northern part mainly comprises the {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}/{{#invoke:Lang|lang}} and its surrounding streets. It includes the Erasmus House (a museum devoted to the Dutch humanist writer and theologian Erasmus of Rotterdam), the old beguinage (a late medieval lay convent, now a museum dedicated to religious community life), as well as the Bibliothèque de l'Espace Maurice Carême French-language public library.

Cureghem/KuregemEdit

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}

Located in the north-east of Anderlecht,<ref name="cureghem">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Cureghem/Kuregem is one of the municipality's largest and most populated districts. It developed during the Industrial Revolution along the Brussels–Charleroi Canal and is currently in a fragile social and economic situation due to the decline of its economy and the poor quality of some of its housing. Between 1836 and 1991, the district housed the Royal School of Veterinary Medicine, now moved to Liège but often still referred to as Cureghem.<ref name="vet">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The old campus, listed as protected heritage,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> is currently undergoing a large rehabilitation process.<ref name="cureghem" /> Three listed buildings—the former Atlas Brewery,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> the old power station, and the former Moulart Mill<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>—are testaments to the old industrial activities next to the waterway. The Municipal Hall of Anderlecht is located on the {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}/{{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, in the heart of this district.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="cureghem" /> In its lower part, bordering the City of Brussels, are the Square de l'Aviation/Luchtvaartsquare<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and the {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}/{{#invoke:Lang|lang}}.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

MeirEdit

File:Anderlecht2019 26.jpg
Astrid Park

Located to the south of the historical centre of Anderlecht, this district is centred on the Meir Roundabout and Astrid Park, where the football club R.S.C. Anderlecht plays its home matches in the Constant Vanden Stock Stadium. Decided shortly before the First World War, the development of this residential neighbourhood took place mainly between the two world wars. Aimed at the middle class, it forms an extremely coherent and well-preserved architectural ensemble where the Art Deco style predominates.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Veeweyde/VeeweideEdit

{{#invoke:Lang|lang}}/{{#invoke:Lang|lang}} is centrally located in the upper part of Anderlecht, south of the Meir district. It includes the Busselenberg (a residential area centred around the park of the same name), the smaller Musicians' district (a residential area between the {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}/{{#invoke:Lang|lang}} and the {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}/{{#invoke:Lang|lang}}), as well as the Aurore housing estate on the banks of the canal.

La Roue/Het RadEdit

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}

File:Saint Joseph Church (1).jpg
Church of St. Joseph in La Roue/Het Rad

Located in the south of Anderlecht, La Roue/Het Rad ("The Wheel") is one of the municipality's largest districts and one of Brussels' main garden cities. Mostly built in the 1920s, with its modest and picturesque houses, it offers a vision of an early 20th-century working-class neighbourhood. At its southern edge, it is also home to one of the largest agribusiness industry campuses in Belgium: the Food and Chemical Industries Education and Research Center (CERIA/COOVI),<ref name="CERIA">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> as well as large department stores.

ScheutEdit

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}

Located in the north of Anderlecht, Scheut is bounded by the border with the municipality of Molenbeek-Saint-Jean to the north, the historical centre of Anderlecht to the south, the Birmingham district to the east, the Scheutveld district to the west and the semi-natural site of the Scheutbos to the north-west. It is in this district, on the {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}/{{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, that lay the foundations of the Scheutveld College, on 28 April 1863, by the Catholic priest Theophile Verbist. The congregation of Scheut Missionaries went on to evangelise China, Mongolia, the Philippines, as well as the Congo Free State/Belgian Congo (modern-day Democratic Republic of the Congo).Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn

Main sightsEdit

Anderlecht has a rich cultural and architectural heritage.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Some of the main points of interest include:

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • The Collegiate Church of St. Peter and St. Guido, located in the municipality's historical centre, on the northern side of the Place de la Vaillance/Dapperheidsplein, its main square. Its Romanesque crypt dates from the 10th century and is one of the oldest in Belgium. It contains a very old tombstone considered to be the grave of the 11th-century Saint Guy. Most of the church, however, dates from around 1350 and later, with most of the currently visible architecture representing the Ogee style (15th–16th centuries). Construction of the tower started in 1517 but ceased with the square part up to the balcony, and was not completed until 1898.<ref name="DeSeyn">Eug. De Seyn, "Geschied- en aardrijkskundig woordenboek der Belgische gemeenten" (Historic and Geographic Dictionary of Belgian communes), A. Bieleveld, Brussels 1933-1934.</ref>
  • The Erasmus House, built between 1460 and 1515, with its medicinal and philosophical gardens, which can be visited nearby. Right next to the church, the old beguinage is home to a local history museum. Both institutions are now managed jointly as the Erasmus House and Beguinage Museums.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

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  • The National Memorial to the Jewish Martyrs of Belgium, a monument commemorating the 24,600 Belgian Jewish martyrs of World War II, designed by the architects André Godart and Odon Dupire, and completed in 1970. It is located in the centre of the {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}/{{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, which was created for the occasion.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • The Maurice Carême Museum, in the {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} where the Belgian poet lived and wrote.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • The Luizenmolen in Neerpede, a replica of an old windmill which once stood on the site.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • The Cureghem Cellars (French: {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, Dutch: {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}), a subterranean complex of handmade brick caves with vaults, pillars, and arches, originally the site of a cattle market covered by a forged iron roof in the 1890s.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref> The cellars were simply a foundation for the upper structure until the 1930s, when the city council decided to make better use of them. It proved more profitable to grow mushrooms in the dark and damp underground spaces for local consumption. It fell into disuse as a cattle market but, in 1984, the hall was officially listed as a Belgian monument. Due to its characteristic architecture and unique layout, it was refurbished and transformed by a private company, Abattoir SA. Since 1992, it has served as an event site. One of these was the anatomic exposition Body Worlds (Template:Langx) by Gunther Von Hagens, which ran in the cellars between 2008 and 2009 and attracted over 500,000 visitors.

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • The Jean-Claude Van Damme statue located on the {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}/{{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, near the Westland Shopping Center.
  • Maison d'Érasme.jpg

    Erasmus House

  • AnderlechtBegijnhof.jpg

    Beguinage of Anderlecht

  • Cité de Moortebeek 04.JPG

    Moortebeek garden city

  • Anderlecht2019 21.jpg

    lang}}

  • Anderlecht Justice de Paix 2014.JPG

    lang}} of Anderlecht

DemographicsEdit

Historical populationEdit

Historically, the population of Anderlecht was quite low. The municipality counted around 2,000 inhabitants at the beginning of the 19th century. However, following the Industrial Revolution, the population underwent a remarkable growth, peaking at 103,796 in 1970. From then, it began to decrease slightly to a low of 87,812 in 2000, before increasing again rapidly in recent years.<ref>Sources: INS: 1806 to 1981= census; 1990 and later = population on 1 January</ref>

Template:As of, the population was 126,581.<ref name="IBSA" /> The area is Template:Convert, making the density Template:Convert.<ref name="IBSA" />

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  • Sources: INS: 1806 to 1980 = census; 1990 and later = population on 1 January

Foreign populationEdit

Migrant communities in Anderlecht with over 1,000 people as of 1 January 2020:<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Template:Flag 7,405
Template:Flag 4,924
Template:Flag 2,985
Template:Flag 2,743
Template:Flag 2,727
Template:Flag 2,628
Template:Flag 2,549
Template:Flag 1,717
Group of origin Year
2023<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Number %
Belgians with Belgian background 22,685 18.14%
Belgians with foreign background 59,274 47.39%
Neighbouring country 2,231
EU27 (excluding neighbouring country) 5,661
Outside EU 27 51,382 41.08%
Non-Belgians 43,106 34.47%
Neighbouring country 3,371
EU27 (excluding neighbouring country) 18,387
Outside EU 27 21,348 17.07%
Total 125,065 100%

PoliticsEdit

The current city council was elected in the October 2018 elections.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The current mayor of Anderlecht is Fabrice Cumps, a member of PS, who alongside the other parties on their list, sp.a and cdH, is in coalition on the municipal council with Ecolo - Groen, DéFI and Forward.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Anderlecht local election – 14 October 2018
File:Anderlecht2018.svg
Party
Votes % Swing (pp) Elected
2018 		Template:Abbr
Template:Party name with colour - sp.a - cdH 14,023 29.73 Template:Decrease7.04 Template:Composition bar Template:Decrease5
Template:Party name with colour - Open Vld - IC 10,628 22.53 Template:Decrease3.61 Template:Composition bar Template:Decrease2
Template:Party name with colour - Groen 7,320 15.52 Template:Increase4.17 Template:Composition bar Template:Increase3
Template:Party name with colour 6,891 14.61 Template:Increase12.92 Template:Composition bar Template:Increase7
Template:Party name with colour 3,581 7.59 Template:Decrease0.26 Template:Composition bar Template:Steady
Template:Party name with colour 1,950 4.13 Template:Increase0.94 Template:Composition bar Template:Decrease1
Template:Party name with colour 1,006 2.13 Template:Decrease1.53 Template:Composition bar Template:Decrease1
Template:Party name with colour Plus 716 1.52 New Template:Composition bar -
Others 1,059 2.25 New Template:Composition bar -

EventsEdit

The annual Anderlecht fair, originally a cattle fair, was authorised by William II of the Netherlands in 1825. Since then, it has taken the form of a series of celebrations, which still include animal shows but also a large market, a floral show, and the recreation of a religious procession in honour of Saint Guy.

EconomyEdit

File:Abattoirs de Cureghem.JPG
Entrance and great hall of the Abattoirs of Anderlecht (main slaughterhouse in Brussels)

The Template:Ill, located at 24, {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}/{{#invoke:Lang|lang}} in Cureghem, is the main slaughterhouse in Brussels, employing some 1,500 people. In addition to its main activities, the great hall serves as a covered market for food and flea markets.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In recent years, several major international companies have set up their headquarters in Anderlecht, notably the Delhaize Group, which operates many supermarket chains, from 40, Marie Curie Square,<ref>"Contacts Template:Webarchive." Delhaize Group. Retrieved on 16 May 2012. "Square Marie Curie 40 1070 Brussels - Belgium"</ref> Coca-Cola Benelux at 1424, {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}/{{#invoke:Lang|lang}},<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> as well as the Belgian chocolate company Leonidas at 41, {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}/{{#invoke:Lang|lang}}.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

HealthcareEdit

Several hospitals and clinics are located in Anderlecht:

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  • St. Anne St. Remigius Clinic<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

SportsEdit

File:Lotto park 2022.jpg
R.S.C. Anderlecht fans at the Constant Vanden Stock Stadium

FootballEdit

Anderlecht is the home of the football club RSC Anderlecht, the most successful Belgian football team in European competition as well as in the Belgian First Division with 34 titles.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The club's home stadium is the Constant Vanden Stock Stadium, located within Astrid Park. The team colours are white and purple.

Parks and green spacesEdit

Template:Further Green spaces in the municipality include:<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • Astrid Park
  • {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}/{{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, in Scheut
  • Scherdemael Park
  • Peterbos Park
  • Joseph Lemaire Park
  • Jean Vives Park
  • {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}/{{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, in Neerpede
  • {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}/{{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, in Cureghem
  • The Vogelzang or Vogelenzang, a natural protected area

Famous inhabitantsEdit

File:Portrait of Erasmus of Rotterdam by Hans Holbein d. J. in Kunstmuseum Basel.jpg
Erasmus painted by Hans Holbein the Younger (1523)

Template:Div col

Template:Div col end

Born in Anderlecht:

International relationsEdit

Template:See also

Twin towns and sister citiesEdit

Anderlecht is twinned with:<ref name=":0">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In addition, Anderlecht has signed a friendship agreement with:<ref name=":0" />

ReferencesEdit

CitationsEdit

Template:Reflist

BibliographyEdit

External linksEdit

Template:Portal

Template:Geographic location Template:Brussels Template:Authority control

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