Antipope Nicholas V

Nicholas V, born Pietro Rainalducci (c. 1258Template:Snd16 October 1333)<ref>Amedeo De Vincentiis, "Niccolò V, antipapa," Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani Volume 78 (2013). Treccani editore. Template:In lang</ref> was an antipope in Italy from 12 May 1328 to 25 July 1330 during the pontificate of Pope John XXII (1316–1334) at Avignon. He was the last antipope set up by a Holy Roman Emperor.

Rainalducci was born at Corvaro, an ancient stronghold near Rieti in Lazio. He joined the Franciscan order after separating from his wife in 1310, and became famous as a preacher.<ref name="EB1911">{{#if: |

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He was elected through the influence of the excommunicated Holy Roman Emperor, Louis the Bavarian, by an assembly of priests and laymen, and consecrated at Old St. Peter's Basilica, Rome, on 12 May 1328 by the bishop of Venice.<ref name="EB1911"/>

File:Antipope Nicholas V in Hell.jpg

Nicholas V in Hell, from the Camposanto Monumentale di Pisa

After spending four months in Rome, he withdrew with Louis IV to Viterbo,<ref name="EB1911"/> but in December 1328 the papal legate Cardinal Orsini began a campaign against Viterbo and Corneto.<ref>Salvador Miranda, The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church, ORSINI, Giovanni Gaetano (c. 1285–1335) Template:Webarchive, Retrieved 5 December 2010.</ref> Nicholas moved on to Grosseto and then to Pisa, where he was guarded by the imperial vicar. On 19 February 1329, Nicholas V presided at a ceremony in the Duomo of Pisa, at which a straw puppet representing Pope John XXII and dressed in pontifical robes was formally condemned, degraded, and handed over to the secular arm (to be "executed").

Nicholas V was excommunicated by Pope John XXII in April 1329, and sought refuge with Count Boniface of Donoratico near Piombino. Having obtained assurance of pardon, he presented a confession of his sins first to the archbishop of Pisa, and then at Avignon on 25 August 1330, to John XXII, who absolved him.<ref name="EB1911"/>

He remained in honourable imprisonment in the papal palace, Avignon until his death in October 1333.<ref name="EB1911"/> Despite this reconciliation, memories of him were highly negative in the later 1330s. In a monumental fresco by Buonamico Buffalmacco in the Camposanto Monumentale di Pisa, Nicholas V is depicted in Hell being dismembered and eaten by demons. The inscription describes him as a "friend of Muhammad", who is shown being tortured at his feet.<ref>J. Polzer (1964), "Aristotle, Mohammed and Nicholas V in Hell", The Art Bulletin 46(4): 457–469. {{#invoke:doi|main}}</ref>