Archdruid

File:Y Prifardd Jim Parc Nest.JPG

Jim Parc Nest, Archdruid of Wales, 2010–2013

Archdruid (Template:Langx) is the title used by the presiding official of the Gorsedd.<ref>Hanes Gorsedd y Beirdd. Bowen, Geraint and Bowen, Zonia; Cyhoeddiadau Barddas ,1991</ref> The Archdruid presides over the most important ceremonies at the National Eisteddfod of Wales including the Crowning of the Bard, the award of the Template:Illm and the Chairing of the Bard. Although Iolo Morganwg was the first to preside over the Gorsedd when the National Eisteddfod came into being, his successor David Griffith, under the bardic name "Clwydfardd", was the first to be known by the official title "Archdruid".<ref name="museum"/>

The Archdruid's regalia, devised by the early revivers of the eisteddfod during the early 19th century, includes a crown, a sceptre, and a breastplate in the form of a torc. These were redesigned in 1896 by Hubert von Herkomer, to be made of gold and decorated with oak leaves, symbolising the sacred groves associated with druidry. (The Welsh word for "oak" is "derw" from which "druid" is thought to be derived.)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> A special ring of office was also introduced. The current sceptre has been in use since 1910, and a stola or cape was first worn in 1911 by the Archdruid "Dyfed".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Since 1932, only former winners of the Eisteddfod Crown or Chair have been qualified to become Archdruid. By the beginning of the twenty-first century Prose Medal winners were included in this elite band and the first to be elected under this ruling was Robyn Llŷn (Robyn Léwis) (2002–05).<ref name="museum">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Christine James, who became Archdruid in 2013, is both the first woman and the first Welsh learner (i.e. a person not brought up with Welsh as their first language) to have held the title.<ref name="BBC">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Since the Second World War, only one Archdruid has served more than one three-year term. Albert Evans-Jones ("Cynan"), a World War I veteran and a significant war poet, was elected in 1950 and again in 1963, and was regarded as a reforming influence on the festival; he publicly accepted that the eisteddfod and the gorsedd have no direct descent from Welsh mythology or from the druids. He was knighted in 1969 for his services to Welsh culture, the only Archdruid to have been so honoured.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

List of Archdruids of Wales

The following is a list of Archdruids.<ref name=list>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>Template:Citation needed

Term	Name	Bardic name	Image
1888Template:Refn–1894	Template:Sort	Clwydfardd	File:David Griffith (Clwydfardd, 1800-94) NLW3364606 retouched.jpg
1895–1905	Template:Sort	Hwfa Môn	File:Roland Williams (Hwfa Môn) (1823–1905) (gcf03754).jpg
1905–1923	Template:Sort	Dyfed	File:Evan Rees (Dyfed).png
1923	Template:Sort	Cadfan	File:Revd John Cadvan Davies (Cadvan, 1846-1923) NLW3364602.jpg
1924–1928	Template:Sort	Elfed	File:Rev H Elvet Lewis (5185309).jpg
1928–1932	Template:Sort	Pedrog	File:Revd John Owen Williams (Pedrog, 1853-1932) (Cong) NLW3365069.jpg
1932–1936	Template:Sort	Gwili	File:John Gwili Jenkins (5254851).jpg
1936–1939	Template:Sort	J. J.	File:John James Williams (JJ).jpg
1939–1947	Template:Sort	Crwys
1947–1950	Template:Sort	Wil Ifan
1950–1953	Template:Sort	Cynan	File:Cynan 1956 Aberdar.jpg
1954–1957	Template:Sort	Dyfnallt	File:Dyfnallt.jpg
1957–1960	Template:Sort	William Morris	File:Archdruid William Morris.jpg
1960–1962	Template:Sort	Trefin
1963–1966	Template:Sort	Cynan	File:Cynan 1956 Aberdar.jpg
1966–1969	Template:Sort	Gwyndaf
1969–1972	Template:Sort	Tilsli
1972–1975	Template:Sort	Brinli
1975–1978	Template:Sort	Bryn
1978–1981	Template:Sort	Geraint
1981–1984	Template:Sort	Jâms Nicolas
1984–1987	Template:Sort	Elerydd
1987–1990	Template:Sort	Emrys Deudraeth
1990–1993	Template:Sort	Ap Llysor
1993–1996	Template:Sort	John Gwilym
1996-1999	Template:Sort	Dafydd Rolant
1999–2002	Template:Sort	Meirion
2002–2005	Template:Sort	Robin Llŷn
2005–2008	Template:Sort	Selwyn Iolen
2008–2009	Template:Sort	Dic yr Hendre
2010–2013	Template:Sort	Jim Parc Nest	File:Y Prifardd Jim Parc Nest.JPG
2013–2016	Template:Sort	Christine
2016–2019	Template:Sort	Geraint Llifon
2019–2024	Template:Sort<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Myrddin ap Dafydd
2024–2027	Template:Sort<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Mererid Hopwood