Austin Flint murmur
Template:Infobox medical condition In cardiology, an Austin Flint murmur is a low-pitched rumbling heart murmur which is best heard at the cardiac apex.<ref> Template:Cite journal</ref> It can be a mid-diastolic<ref name=topol>Eric J. Topol. The Topol Solution: Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, Third Edition with DVD, Plus Integrated Content Website, Volume 355. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Oct 19, 2006; page 223. Template:ISBN</ref> or presystolic murmur.<ref>Template:DorlandsDict</ref> It is associated with severe aortic regurgitation, although the role of this sign in clinical practice has been questioned.<ref name="pmid12729428"> Template:Cite journal</ref>
MechanismEdit
Echocardiography, conventional and colour flow Doppler ultrasound, and cine nuclear magnetic resonance (cine NMR) imaging suggest the murmur is the result of (aortic regurgitant) flow impingement on the inner surface of the heart, i.e. the endocardium.<ref> Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name="pmid18768939"> Template:Cite journal</ref>
Classical descriptionEdit
Classically, it is described as being the result of mitral valve leaflet displacement and turbulent mixing of anterograde mitral flow and retrograde aortic flow:<ref>Template:Cite GPnotebook</ref>
Displacement: The blood jets from the aortic regurgitation strike the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve, which often results in premature closure of the mitral leaflets. This can be mistaken for mitral stenosis.
Turbulence of the two columns of blood: Blood from left atrium to left ventricle and blood from aorta to left ventricle.
NameEdit
The Austin Flint murmur is named after the 19th century American physician, Austin Flint (1812–1886).<ref name=Yale2021>Template:Cite book</ref> He disapproved of associating any physical sign with the name of the original describer, and wrote, "So long as signs are determined from fancied analogies, and named from these or after the person who describes them, there cannot but be obscurity and confusion."<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>