Batbayan
Batbayan ruled the Khazarian Bulgars from 667 to 690 CE.<ref> Template:Cite book </ref><ref>Boris Zhivkov, Khazaria in the Ninth and Tenth Centuries, East Central and Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 450-1450, BRILL, 2015, Template:ISBN, p. 138 & 228-229.</ref> Theophanes and Nicephorus record his rule after the Khazars defeated the Bulgars and Old Great Bulgaria disintegrated in 668 CE.<ref>Carl Waldman, Catherine Mason, Encyclopedia of European Peoples, Facts on File library of world history, Infobase Publishing, 2006, Template:ISBN. pp. 106-197.</ref>
There is a scholarly theory that he may have been the same person as Bezmer<ref>Boris Zhivkov, Khazaria in the Ninth and Tenth Centuries, East Central and Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 450-1450, BRILL, 2015, Template:ISBN, p. 228.</ref> of the Nominalia of the Bulgarian khans who may have been also the first son of Kubrat.<ref>Florin Curta, Roman Kovalev as ed., "'The' Other Europe in the Middle Ages: Avars, Bulgars, Khazars and Cumans", Volume 2 of East Central and Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 450 - 1450, BRILL, 2008, Template:ISBN, p. 152.</ref> He was a member of the Dulo clan, who after Kubrat's death in the mid-7th century ruled Old Great Bulgaria, but his rule lasted only three years.<ref>Vasil Gyuzelev, The Proto-Bulgarians: Pre-history of Asparouhian Bulgaria, Sofia Press, 1979, p. 29.</ref> Kevin Alan Brook calls him Bayan.<ref>Kevin Alan Brook, The Jews of Khazaria, Edition 3, Rowman & Littlefield, 2018, Template:ISBN, p. 15.</ref> Batbayan would subsequently have ruled the Bulgars as a subject of the Khazar Khagan.
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