Benadryl
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Benadryl is a brand of various antihistamine medications used to stop allergies, whose content varies in different countries, but which includes some combination of diphenhydramine, acrivastine, or cetirizine.
It is sold by Kenvue and is used to relieve allergy symptoms such as sneezing, itching, runny nose, rash, and hives.<ref name=":0" /> Some forms of Benadryl are to be taken orally, while some creams and gels are to be applied to the skin.<ref name=":14" /> Common side effects of the drug include drowsiness, dizziness, dry mouth and throat, confusion, and blurred vision.<ref name=":14" />
In the United States and Canada, the active ingredient is diphenhydramine. In the United Kingdom, the active ingredients of Benadryl are the second-generation antihistamines acrivastine<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> or cetirizine.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Benadryl is also sold as a cough medicine in Australia, India and New Zealand containing diphenhydramine, as well as the antitussive dextromethorphan or the expectorant guaifenesin.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Types of BenadrylEdit
There are many different forms of Benadryl found in different countries. In the United States and Canada, there are several versions of Benadryl for allergies, some to be taken orally and some as a topical analgesic. In Australia, New Zealand and India, Benadryl is known as a cough liquid.
Benadryl AllergyEdit
Benadryl Allergy is the name of a Benadryl product found in the United States and Canada. It is an antihistamine drug used to relieve allergies. Its active ingredient is diphenhydramine, a first-generation antihistamine. It is known to be sedative, making drowsiness a common side effect. It is an oral drug to be taken by mouth, to relieve symptoms of allergy, hay fever and the common cold.<ref name=":0">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It can also be used to relieve allergies such as itching, sneezing, runny nose, rash and hives.<ref name=":0" />
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Benadryl Allergy for Children is also available. It comes in liquid form and can be used to provide fast and effective relief for allergies such as sneezing, itchy, runny nose, itchy eyes and hives.<ref name=":14">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Benadryl Allergy is widely used as a sleep aid among adults. While it is not marketed as an over-the-counter (OTC) sleeping aid, most versions of Benadryl contain diphenhydramine, a drug with sedative properties.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) has also been used by parents to help improve their infant's sleep habits. However, this has been met by criticism on whether it is appropriate to do so.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
Benadryl Allergy ReliefEdit
In the United Kingdom, Benadryl can be found as Benadryl Allergy Relief. The main ingredient in this medication is acrivastine. Acrivastine is a non-drowsy antihistamine used to relieve allergies. It can treat hay fever, hives, insect bites and stings, conjunctivitis and eczema.<ref name=":1">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Benadryl Allergy Relief contains 8 mg of acrivastine in each capsule. It is to be taken orally.
Benadryl Allergy Relief Plus Decongestant can also be found in the United Kingdom. It is used to relieve sinus, stuffy and runny nose, itchy eyes and sneezing.<ref name=":2">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> This version contains acrivastine and pseudoephedrine as its active ingredients. Pseudoephedrine is a decongestant used to relieve a nasal congestion.<ref name=":2" /> Benadryl Allergy Relief Plus Decongestant contains 8 mg of acrivastine and 60 mg of pseudoephedrine per capsule, and it is to be taken orally.<ref name=":1" />
Benadryl TopicalEdit
Benadryl can also be found in a topical form including gels and creams. Benadryl Itch Stopping Cream is a topical cream used to provide temporary itch relief for allergies, hives or even some insect bites. It can be found in the United States and Canada. This topical medication contains 2% of diphenhydramine hydrochloride and 1% of zinc acetate. This medication is intended for topical use only and not to be ingested.
Benadryl Cough SyrupEdit
Benadryl in Australia and New Zealand comes in the form of a cough syrup. It is not to be confused with Benadryl for allergies. There are several forms of cough syrup available in the market for different types of coughs such as dry, tickly cough, chesty coughs and coughs with nasal congestion. Cough liquids for children are also available.
Benadryl Chesty Forte is used to relieve heavy chesty coughs and chest congestion. The main ingredients found are guaifenesin and bromhexine hydrochloride. It is to be taken orally to provide relief from cough and congested chests due to the common cold.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Benadryl Dry, Tickly Cough Liquid is a cough medicine found in Australia. It is used to temporarily relieve irritating coughs. Pholcodine is the main ingredient found in this cough liquid.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> This medication is to be taken orally and may cause drowsiness.
In India, Benadryl can also be found in the form of a cough liquid and also cough lozenges. Benadryl Cough Syrup contains diphenhydramine, ammonium chloride and citrate as its main ingredients. It is used to relieve cough and cold, and also soothes the throat.
Adverse effectsEdit
A common side effect of taking Benadryl containing diphenhydramine is drowsiness.<ref name=":5">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Other common side effects can include dry mouth and throat. Symptoms such as confusion and blurred vision can also occur. Other side effects of taking Benadryl include headache and dizziness.<ref name=":1" />
Diphenhydramine is a first-generation antihistamine and an anticholinergic drug. Anticholinergic drugs block the action of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.<ref name=":3">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Studies propose that long-term use of anticholinergic drugs is associated with an increased risk for dementia among older people.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name=":3" /> Long-term use of Benadryl can also lead to constipation and confusion.<ref name=":6">Template:Cite magazine</ref>
InteractionsEdit
Benadryl containing diphenhydramine can interact with alcohol as both are central nervous system (CNS) depressants. Side effects such as drowsiness and dizziness may be enhanced when taking alcohol with diphenhydramine.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Mixing diphenhydramine with alcohol can also increase the chances of losing consciousness due to sedation.<ref name=":8">Template:Cite news</ref> This combination can also lead to impaired motor skills and decreased alertness. Driving, operating machinery or any other activities that require full concentration and consciousness are not recommended as these effects persist.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Benadryl may interact with other medications such as anti-depressants, sleeping pills, muscle relaxants and other antihistamines.<ref name=":8" /><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=":9">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It is important to check with a professional before taking Benadryl with any other medications, vitamins and herbal products.<ref name=":9" />
HistoryEdit
In 1943, diphenhydramine was discovered by chemist George Rieveschl and one of his students, Fred Huber, while they were conducting research into muscle relaxants at the University of Cincinnati.<ref name=":4">Template:Cite news</ref> Huber first synthesized diphenhydramine. Rieveschl then worked with Parke-Davis to test the compound, and the company licensed the patent from him.<ref name="HistDD">Template:Cite book</ref>
In 1946, Benadryl was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for prescription use. In 1982 it was approved as an over-the-counter medication.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Before 2007, Benadryl was marketed by Pfizer Consumer Healthcare (originally Warner–Lambert).<ref>Template:Cite press release</ref><ref>Template:Cite press release</ref>
RecallsEdit
On 15 January 2010, McNeil Consumer Healthcare, a subsidiary of Johnson & Johnson, recalled five lots of Benadryl due to the presence of an unusual odor linked to the chemical 2,4,6-tribromoanisole.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
In April 2010, over four million packs of Benadryl Children Allergy tablets were recalled<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> after it was revealed that they might contain a higher concentration of active ingredients than specified on the label, as well as inactive ingredients that had not met internal testing requirements.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Benadryl Topical Packaging ChangeEdit
In 2010, after the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) reported over one hundred cases of mistaken ingestion by mouth, the packaging of Benadryl Itch Stopping Gel was redesigned to include a new warning ("for skin use only"), and a stickerTemplate:Clarify was added as an additional precaution.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Society and cultureEdit
Diphenhydramine has a common side effect of drowsiness or sleepiness.<ref name=":5" /> Because of these sedative properties, Benadryl is often used as a sleep aid in people with insomnia. A study published in the American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry discovered that approximately one in three adults between the ages of 65 and 80 occasionally use over-the-counter drugs like Benadryl to help with sleep.<ref name=":6" /> In 2017, American Academy of Sleep Medicine discouraged the use of over-the-counter antihistamines as a sleep aid in treating chronic insomnia.<ref name=":10">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The usage of antihistamines as a sleep aid could cause sleepiness during the day, grogginess and falls.<ref name=":10" />
Recreational usage and the 'Benadryl challenge'Edit
In May 2020, the Cook Children's Medical Center in Fort Worth, TX reported that 3 teenagers had been hospitalized as a result of diphenhydramine overdose. They claimed that the teenagers had gotten information on how to abuse Benadryl from the social media app TikTok.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> That August, an Oklahoma teen reportedly died from a Benadryl overdose. After a later-deleted Facebook post by the teen's family member claimed that the death was the result of a "Benadryl challenge," news outlets reported on the dangers of the supposed social media trend.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> This prompted the FDA to release a statement on the dangers of high doses of diphenhydramine.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
AvailabilityEdit
Benadryl is available as an over-the-counter (OTC) drug in most countries. Benadryl can be found in several countries including the United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, India, Indonesia and the Philippines.
Benadryl comes in oral tablets and oral liquid to be taken by mouth.<ref name=":0" /> Some types of Benadryl such as Benadryl Itch Stopping Cream and gels are meant to be applied to the skin, not to be ingested.