Bhagirathi River

The Bhāgīrathī (Pron: /ˌbʌgɪˈɹɑːθɪ/) is a turbulent Himalayan river in the Indian state of Uttarakhand, and one of the two headstreams of the Ganges, the major river of Northern India and the holy river of Hinduism. In the Hindu faith, history, and culture, the Bhagirathi is considered the source stream of the Ganges. However, in hydrology, the other headstream Alaknanda, is considered the source stream on account of its great length and discharge. The Bhagirathi and Alaknanda join at Devprayag in Garhwal and are thereafter known as the Ganges.

Etymology

In Hindu texts, Bhagiratha was a descendant of King Sagara of the Suryavamsha, or Solar Dynasty. He played an important role in the descent of the Ganges.<ref name=":1">Template:Cite book</ref> The story of Bhagiratha is narrated in the Ramayana, Mahabharata, and the Puranas.<ref>Mankodi, Kirit (1973) "Gaṅgā Tripathagā"Artibus Asiae 35(1/2): pp. 139-144, p. 140</ref><ref name=":1" />

Wanting to show his sovereignty, King Sagara performed a ritual known as ashvamedha, where a horse was left to wander for one year. However, Indra stole the horse to prevent the ritual from being successful. Learning that the horse had disappeared, King Sagara sent his sixty thousand sons to look for it. They eventually found the horse at the ashram of sage Kapila.<ref name=":1" /> Thinking that sage Kapila had stolen the horse, the sons interrupted him while he was in deep meditation. This infuriated sage Kapila and with his ascetic's gaze burned all sixty thousand sons to ashes.<ref name=":1" /> King Sagara sent his grandson, Amshuman, to ask sage Kapila what could be done to bring deliverance to their souls.<ref name=":2">Template:Cite book</ref>

Sage Kapila advised that only the water of the Ganges, which flowed in the heavens, could liberate them. Bhagiratha, Amshuman's grandson, undertook ascetic practices and won the favour of Brahma and Shiva. Brahma allowed the goddess Ganga to descend upon the earth, while Shiva broke Ganga's fall in the coils of his hair so that her force would not shatter the earth.<ref name=":2" />

When Ganga descended, Bhagiratha took her through the mountains, foothills, the plains of India, and to the sea where she liberated the sixty thousand sons of King Sagara.<ref name=":1" /> Due to Bhagiratha's role in the descent of the Ganges, the source stream came to be known as Bhagirathi.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref name=":3">Template:Cite book</ref>

Course

The headwaters of the Bhagirathi River are formed at Gaumukh at the foot of the Gangotri glacier. From Gaumukh the river reaches the town of Gangotri. From Gangotri, it travels down a deep gorge and arrives at Bhaironghati. The river continues to travel to Harsil and crosses the Bhagirathi Granite. It then enters a wide valley and meets two tributaries near Jhala. The river continues to flow downwards to Uttarkashi and then through Dharasu, Chinyalisaur, and the old town of Tehri. From Tehri, the river reaches Devprayag via the Himalayas. At Devprayag, the Bhagirathi River converges with the Alaknanda River and travels onward as the Ganges River.<ref name=":0">Template:Citation</ref>

The Bhagirathi River is mythologically known to be the source stream for the Ganges River. In hydrology, the Alaknanda is the source stream for the Ganges River due to its length and discharge. The Alaknanda River, including its tributaries, is Template:Convert and the Bhagirathi River, including its tributaries, is Template:Convert.<ref name=":0" />

Tributaries

The Bhagirathi River is joined by several tributaries; these are, in order from the source:

• Kedar Ganga at Gangotri (elevation Template:Convert),
• Jadh Ganga at Bhaironghati (elevation Template:Convert),
• Kakora Gad and Jalandhari Gad near Harsil (elevation Template:Convert),
• Siyan Gad near Jhala (elevation Template:Convert),
• Asi Ganga near Uttarkashi (elevation Template:Convert),
• Bhilangna River near Old Tehri (elevation Template:Convert).

The Bhilangna itself rises at the foot of the Khatling Glacier (elevation Template:Convert) approximately Template:Convert south of Gaumukh.

The controversial Tehri dam lies at the confluence of the Bhagirathi River and the Bhilangna, at Template:Coord, near Tehri. Chaukhamba I is the highest point of the Bhagirathi basin.

• Bhagirathi flowing into devprayag.jpg

  The turbulent Bhagirathi as it enters Devprayag.

• Bhagirathi alaknanda ganges devprayag2008.jpg

  The Bhagirathi (foreground) on its way to meet the sediment-laden Alaknanda, and to flow on as the Ganges.

• Bhagirathi and Alaknanda Confluence.jpg

  Another view of the confluence at Devprayag.

• Tehri dam india.jpg

  Tehri Dam, the 5th tallest dam in the world

Dams

There are 18 dams along the Bhagirathi River, either in operation, under construction or planned. These are, in order from the source:

citation

CitationClass=web }}</ref> Template:Nobold	#	Name	Ht	MW	Status	FRL	MWL	HRT	TRT	TWL	RBL	Coordinates
1	Karmoli Dam		140	planned			8.6
2	Gangotri Dam		55	planned			5.2
3	Jadhganga Dam		50	planned			1.1
4	Bhaironghati I Dam		380	planned
5	Bhaironghati II Dam		65	planned
6	Harsil Dam		210	planned			5.06
7	Loharinag Pala Hydro Power Project		600	cancelled	2,147	1,667	13.85	.51	1.665		Template:Coord
8	Pala Maneri I Dam	78	480	cancelled	1,665	1,667	12.563	1.378
9	Maneri Dam	38	90	operation				8.631
10	Joshiyara (Bhali) Dam		304	operation			16.0
11	Bhilangana II Dam		11	planned
12	Bhilangana I Dam		22.5	planned			2.0
13	Tehri Dam	260.5	2,400	operation	830	835	1.634	.8625			Template:Coord
14	Koteshwar Dam	97.5	400	operation	612.50	615
15	Kotli Bel 1A Dam	82.5	195	construction
16	Kotli Bel 1B Dam	90	320	cancelled
17	Kotli Bel II Dam	82	530	cancelled

References

• Template:Cite book available on microfilm
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