Brendan Byrne

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}}{{#if:|{{#ifeq:{{#ifeq:|no|yes}}|yes||}} }}{{#if:|{{#ifeq:{{#ifeq:|no|yes}}|yes||}} }}{{#if:|{{#if:||{{#ifeq:{{#ifeq:|no|yes}}|yes||}}}} }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=Template:Main other|preview=Page using Template:Infobox officeholder with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| regexp1 = 1blankname[%d]* | regexp2 = 1namedata[%d]* | regexp3 = 2blankname[%d]* | regexp4 = 2namedata[%d]* | regexp5 = 3blankname[%d]* | regexp6 = 3namedata[%d]* | regexp7 = 4blankname[%d]* | regexp8 = 4namedata[%d]* | regexp9 = 5blankname[%d]* | regexp10 = 5namedata[%d]* | allegiance | alma_mater | regexp11 = alongside[%d]* | alt | regexp12 = ambassador_from[%d]* | regexp13 = appointed[%d]* | regexp14 = appointer[%d]* | regexp15 = assembly[%d]* | awards | battles | battles_label | birth_date | birth_name | birth_place | birthname | regexp16 = blank[%d]* | bodyclass | branch | branch_label | cabinet | candidate | caption | categories | regexp17 = chancellor[%d]* | children | citizenship | regexp18 = co%-leader[%d]* | commands | committees | regexp19 = constituency[%d]* | regexp20 = constituency_AM[%d]* | regexp21 = constituency_MP[%d]* | regexp22 = convocation[%d]* | regexp23 = country[%d]* | regexp24 = data[%d]* | date | death_cause | death_date | death_manner | death_place | demo | regexp25 = deputy[%d]* | regexp26 = district[%d]* | education | election_date | embed | father | regexp28 = firstminister[%d]* | footnotes | regexp29 = governor[%d]* | regexp30 = governor_general[%d]* | regexp31 = governor%-general[%d]* | height | honorific_prefix | honorific-prefix | honorific_suffix | honorific-suffix | image | image name | image_name_alt | image_size | imagesize | image_upright | incumbent | regexp32 = jr/sr[%d]* | regexp33 = jr/sr and state[%d]* | known_for | regexp34 = leader[%d]* | regexp35 = legislature[%d]* | regexp36 = lieutenant[%d]* | regexp37 = lieutenant_governor[%d]* | mainwidth | regexp38 = majority[%d]* | regexp39 = majority_floor_leader[%d]* | regexp40 = majority_leader[%d]* | regexp41 = majorityleader[%d]* | mawards | regexp42 = military_blank[%d]* | regexp43 = military_data[%d]* | regexp44 = minister[%d]* | regexp45 = minister_from[%d]* | regexp46 = minority_floor_leader[%d]* | regexp47 = minority_leader[%d]* | regexp48 = minorityleader[%d]* | regexp49 = module[%d]* | regexp50 = monarch[%d]* | mother | name | nationality | native_name | native_name_lang | nickname | nocat | regexp51 = nominator[%d]* | nominee | occupation | regexp52 = office[%d]* | opponent | regexp53 = order[%d]* | otherparty | parents | regexp54 = parliament[%d]* | regexp55 = parliamentarygroup[%d]* | partner | party | party_election | portfolio | regexp56 = preceded[%d]* | regexp57 = preceding[%d]* | regexp58 = predecessor[%d]* | regexp59 = premier[%d]* | regexp60 = president[%d]* | regexp61 = primeminister[%d]* | regexp62 = prior_term[%d]* | profession | pronunciation | rank | rank_label | relations | relatives | residence | resting_place | resting_place_coordinates | restingplace | restingplacecoordinates | regexp63 = riding[%d]* | runningmate | salary | serviceyears | serviceyears_label | signature | signature_alt | signature_size | smallimage | smallimage_alt | source | speaker | speaker_office | spouse | spouses | regexp64 = state[%d]* | regexp65 = state_assembly[%d]* | regexp66 = state_delegate[%d]* | regexp67 = state_house[%d]* | regexp68 = state_legislature[%d]* | regexp69 = state_senate[%d]* | regexp70 = status[%d]* | regexp71 = suboffice[%d]* | regexp72 = subterm[%d]* | regexp73 = succeeded[%d]* | regexp74 = succeeding[%d]* | regexp75 = successor[%d]* | regexp76 = taoiseach[%d]* | regexp77 = term[%d]* | regexp78 = term_end[%d]* | regexp79 = term_label[%d]* | regexp80 = term_start[%d]* | regexp81 = termend[%d]* | regexp82 = termlabel[%d]* | regexp83 = termstart[%d]* | regexp84 = title[%d]* | unit | unit_label | regexp85 = vicegovernor[%d]* | regexp86 = vicepremier[%d]* | regexp87 = vicepresident[%d]* | regexp88 = viceprimeminister[%d]* | regexp89 = assuming[%d]* | website | width | year }} Brendan Thomas Byrne (April 1, 1924 – January 4, 2018) was an American attorney and Democratic Party politician who served as the 47th Governor of New Jersey from 1974 to 1982.

Byrne began his career as a private attorney in Newark and East Orange. In 1959, Governor Robert B. Meyner appointed Byrne to serve as Essex County Prosecutor; he served in that role until 1968. In the late 1960s, an FBI wiretap recorded local mobsters calling Byrne "the man who couldn't be bought" in reference to his high ethical standards. The publication of the comment propelled Byrne to popularity in an era when corruption was a major concern in state and national politics.<ref name="CTO" /> He left his office as prosecutor to serve as President of the New Jersey Board of Public Utilities from 1968 to 1970, then as a Superior Court judge.

In 1973, using "the man who couldn't be bought" as a campaign slogan,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Byrne ran for governor of New Jersey. He won the Democratic primary with support from the powerful Hudson County political machine and carried the general election. His landslide victory, until then the largest in the state's history, was seen as a reaction against a bribery scandal in state government and the Watergate scandal.

During his first term, Byrne signed the state's first income tax, which broke a campaign promise and was initially highly unpopular across party lines. In 1977, he faced several prominent challengers for the party nomination but won the Democratic primary with a small plurality of the vote. Despite expectations he would lose the general election to Raymond Bateman, Byrne came from behind to win a second term.

During his time as governor, Byrne oversaw the opening of the first gambling casinos in Atlantic City and established the New Jersey Department of the Public Advocate. He also preserved a large majority of woodlands and wildlife areas in the state by restricting development.<ref name="Bloombergobit" /><ref name="WashingtonPost" />

Early life and educationEdit

Byrne was born and raised in West Orange, New Jersey.<ref name=golway>Template:Cite news</ref> He was the fourth child among five of Irish American Catholic parents Francis A. Byrne (1886–1974), a local public safety commissioner,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and Genevieve Brennan Byrne (1888–1969).<ref name="NJobit"/>

In 1942, Byrne graduated from West Orange High School in West Orange, New Jersey, where he as president of the debate club and senior class president.<ref name=rutbio/> He briefly enrolled at Seton Hall University, but left the university in March of the following year to join the U.S. Army.<ref name="NJobit"/> During World War II, Byrne served in the U.S. Army Air Forces as a navigator on a B-17, and was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross and four Air Medals.<ref name=rutbio/> By the time of his discharge from active service in 1945, he had achieved the rank of lieutenant.<ref name=rutbio/>

After the end of World War II, Byrne attended Princeton University for two years, where he studied at the university's School of Public and International Affairs.<ref name="Bloombergobit">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Due to World War II, he spent only two years on campus, finishing his undergraduate thesis while enrolled at Harvard Law School.<ref name="Bloombergobit"/> He graduated from Princeton University's School of Public and International Affairs in 1949 after completing a 95-page long senior thesis titled, "Proportional Representation in Municipal Government". He then attended Harvard Law School, where he graduated with his LL.B. in 1951.<ref name=rutbio/><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

CareerEdit

Private attorneyEdit

Byrne then worked as a private attorney, first for the Newark-based law firm of John W. McGeehan, Jr., and later for the East Orange firm of Teltser and Greenberg.<ref>Edward J. Mullin, Fitzgerald's New Jersey Legislative Manual, 1980, "Governor's Biography, p. 413-414"</ref>

New Jersey state governmentEdit

In October 1955, Byrne was appointed an assistant counsel to Governor Robert B. Meyner.<ref name="Hack"/> The following year, he became the governor's acting executive secretary.<ref name="Bloombergobit"/> In 1958, Byrne was appointed the deputy attorney general responsible for the Essex County Prosecutor's Office.<ref name="Hack">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The following year, Governor Meyner appointed him as the Essex County prosecutor.<ref name="Hack"/> Governor Hughes reappointed Byrne to this same office in 1964 following the end of his first five-year term.<ref name=rutbio/> From 1968 to 1970, Byrne served as the president of the Board of Public Utilities Commissioners.<ref name=death/>

New Jersey Superior CourtEdit

In 1970, Byrne was appointed by Governor William T. Cahill to the Superior Court.<ref name="NJobit"/> He served as the assignment judge for Morris, Sussex, and Warren Counties starting in 1972.<ref name="NJobit"/>

Governor of New Jersey (1974–1982)Edit

1973 electionEdit

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} In April 1973, Byrne resigned from the Superior court to run for governor.<ref name="rutbio" />

Byrne defeated Ann Klein and Ralph DeRose in the 1973 Democratic primary to win the party's nomination for governor.<ref name="NJobit" /> In the November general election, Byrne won by beating the Republican nominee Congressman Charles Sandman in a landslide.<ref name="rutbio" /> Sandman had defeated the incumbent Governor Cahill in the primary.<ref name="rutbio" /> Byrne's landslide margin of victory was so vast that it allowed Democrats to capture control both chambers of the state legislature with supermajorities.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

First termEdit

On January 15, 1974, Byrne was sworn in as the 47th governor of New Jersey.<ref name=rutbio/>

Some of the policies enacted by the first Byrne administration include: the implementation of New Jersey's first state income tax, the establishment of spending limits on local governments, county governments, school districts, and the state, the establishment of both the Department of the Public Advocate and the Department of Energy, and the implementation of public financing for future gubernatorial general elections.<ref>Edward J. Mullin, Fitzgerald's New Jersey Legislative Manual, 1980, "Governor's Biography, p.413"</ref> Although Byrne claimed during the 1973 campaign that a personal income tax would not be necessary for "the foreseeable future", he eventually "muscled through" the unpopular income tax, New Jersey's first, in 1976; it earned him the nickname "One-Term Byrne".<ref name=haddon/>

1977 electionEdit

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Byrne faced ten opponents in the 1977 Democratic primary, including future governor James Florio.<ref name=rutbio/> However, Byrne obtained the party's nomination, and went on to defeat his Republican opponent, State Senator Raymond Bateman, in the general election on November 8, 1977.<ref name="Bloombergobit"/> This despite the fact that in early 1977, three-quarters of voters disapproved of his job performance and in polls taken in the summer, he trailed Bateman by 17 points.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Byrne and Bateman debated nine times and Byrne used the governorship to his advantage, signing bills and appearing with cabinet members all over the state, benefiting from a visit by President Carter and turning what was his biggest weakness, the income tax, into a strength.<ref name="Hack"/> Shortly before the 1977 gubernatorial election, New Jersey homeowners began receiving rebate checks (funded by state income tax revenues) to offset their property taxes, while Bateman's plan—replacing the state income tax with an increased sales tax—was widely criticized.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Until 2021, Byrne was the last Democrat to win re-election as Governor in New Jersey.

Second termEdit

During his second term, Byrne focused on policies such as: the passage of the Pinelands Protection Act, expansion of major highways, including the Atlantic City Expressway and Interstate 287, upgrades to sewage systems, further development of the Meadowlands Sports Complex, and casino-hotel development in Atlantic City.<ref name="Bloombergobit"/> He is one of only two Democrats, also including incumbent Phil Murphy, to be elected governor twice in the past fifty years.<ref name="Hack"/> The other Governors elected to two terms (Thomas Kean, Christie Whitman, and Chris Christie) have all been Republicans.<ref name=haddon>Template:Cite news</ref>

Cabinet and administrationEdit

Template:Infobox cabinet members

Law practice and columnistEdit

File:Brendan Byrne 2011 (cropped).jpg

Byrne accepting honors for a career in public service from The Citizens Campaign in 2011

After leaving office in 1982, Governor Byrne became a senior partner at Carella, Byrne, Bain, Gilfillan, Cecchi, Stewart & Olstein in Roseland, New Jersey (now Carella, Byrne, Cecchi, Brody and Agnello, P.C.).<ref name="ABC">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Additionally, Byrne and his successor as governor, Thomas Kean, co-wrote a weekly column in The Star-Ledger, containing their "dialogue" on state and national public affairs and politics.<ref name=rutbio/> He has also taught courses at Princeton University and Rutgers University.<ref name="ABC"/>

Despite not supporting all of his policies, Byrne said that Governor Chris Christie should run for president in 2016, calling Christie "the best candidate that the Republicans have" and complimented his "charm".<ref name=haddon/>

Personal lifeEdit

On June 27, 1953, he married Jean Featherly,<ref name=rutbio>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> with whom he had seven children.<ref name="FFLD"/> Byrne's son, Tom Byrne, was the New Jersey Democratic State Committee chair in the 1990s and was a prospective candidate for the U.S. Senate race in 2000, before withdrawing in favor of eventual winner Jon Corzine, who later became governor.<ref name="Bloombergobit" /> Brendan's oldest granddaughter, Meaghan, who also saved Brendan's life with the Heimlich at Nero's Grille in April 2016, worked as a legislative staffer in the U.S. House of Representatives before moving into NGO foreign policy work.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Jean and Brendan Byrne divorced in 1993 after 40 years of marriage. She died in 2015 of babesiosis, aged 88.<ref name="FFLD">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Byrne married Ruth Zinn, who was also divorced, in 1994.<ref name="rutbio" /><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

2010 assaultEdit

On February 16, 2010, while vacationing in London with his wife, Byrne was punched in the face by a mentally ill man near Waterloo tube station.<ref name=london/> The attacker was subsequently restrained by a London Underground station supervisor who came to Byrne's aid until the police arrived.<ref name=london/> Byrne, who had taken part in a staged charity boxing match with Muhammad Ali in 1979, joked, "At least I didn't fall down at Waterloo, as when I fought Ali."<ref name=london>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

DeathEdit

File:Brendan Byrne Grave.jpg

Byrne's grave in the Princeton Cemetery with orange flowers during Princeton Reunions in May 2022

Byrne died on January 4, 2018, in Livingston, New Jersey, of a lung infection at the age of 93.<ref name="WashingtonPost">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="CTO">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="NJobit">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=death>Template:Cite news</ref>

His funeral was held on January 8 at the Paper Mill Playhouse in Millburn, New Jersey.<ref name="Funeral">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Archbishop Joseph W. Tobin, then-Governor Chris Christie and Governor-elect Phil Murphy, former Governors Thomas Kean, Donald DiFrancesco, Jim McGreevey, Richard Codey and Jon Corzine and U. S. Representative Bill Pascrell were in attendance.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Byrne's remains were cremated and his ashes were interred in Princeton Cemetery.

LegacyEdit

From 1981 to 1996, the Meadowlands Arena in East Rutherford was named Brendan Byrne Arena. It hosted the New Jersey Devils, New Jersey Nets, and Seton Hall Pirates men's basketball. The arena was then renamed Continental Airlines Arena, followed by IZOD Center.<ref name="hockey">Template:Cite news</ref>

The Brendan T. Byrne State Forest, formerly Lebanon State Forest, in New Lisbon is named for him.<ref name="NJobit" />

In 2006, Rutgers University's Center on the American Governor of the Eagleton Institute of Politics established the Brendan T. Byrne Archive, an online database containing various resources from the Byrne administration, including original documents and video interviews with Brendan Byrne and members of his administration.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In 2011, Byrne was inducted into the New Jersey Hall of Fame along with Queen Latifah, John Travolta, and ten others.<ref name="NJHOF">Template:Cite news</ref>

In 2014, Byrne's former chief counsel Donald Linky published a biography of Byrne, New Jersey Governor Brendan Byrne: The Man Who Couldn't Be Bought.<ref name="haddon" /><ref name="linky">Template:Cite book</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

ReferencesEdit

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External linksEdit

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