Caliban (moon)

Template:Short description {{#invoke:infobox|infoboxTemplate | class = vcard | titleclass = fn org | title = Caliban | image = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image=File:Caliban discovery Palomar.gif|upright={{#if:||1.1}}|alt=}} | caption = Discovery image of Caliban taken by the Hale Telescope in September 1997 | headerstyle = {{#if:|background-color:|background-color:#E0CCFF}} | labelstyle = max-width:{{#if:||11em}}; | autoheaders = y

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| header20 = Orbital characteristics{{#ifeq:|yes| (barycentric)}}<ref name="MPC95215"/>

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Template:Nowrap<ref name="JPL-SSD-Uranus-Caliban" /> | label41 = Template:Longitem | data41 = | label42 = Template:Longitem | data42 = 175.21248° | label43 = Template:Longitem | data43 = | label44 = Template:Longitem | data44 = | label45 = Template:Longitem | data45 = 342.53671° | label46 = Template:Nowrap | data46 = | label47 = Satellite of | data47 = Uranus | label48 = Group | data48 = Caliban group | label49 = {{#switch: |yes|true=Satellites |Known satellites}} | data49 = | label50 = Star | data50 = | label51 = Earth MOID | data51 = | label52 = Mercury MOID | data52 = | label53 = Venus MOID | data53 = | label54 = Mars MOID | data54 = | label55 = Jupiter MOID | data55 = | label56 = Saturn MOID | data56 = | label57 = Uranus MOID | data57 = | label58 = Neptune MOID | data58 = | label59 = T_Jupiter | data59 =

| header60 = Proper orbital elements

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({{#expr:365.25*360/1 round 3}} d) }} | label66 = Template:Longitem | data66 = {{#if:|{{{perihelion_rate}}} arcsec Template:\yr }} | label67 = Template:Longitem | data67 = {{#if:|{{{node_rate}}} arcsec Template:\yr}}

| header70 = Template:Anchor{{#if:| Physical characteristics|Physical characteristics}}

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Template:Val hr Template:Small<ref name="Maris 2001" /> | label86 = Template:Longitem | data86 = | label87 = Template:Longitem | data87 = | label88 = Template:Longitem | data88 = | label89 = Template:Longitem | data89 = | label90 = Template:Longitem | data90 = | label91 = Template:Longitem | data91 = | label92 = Template:Longitem | data92 = | label93 = {{#if: |Template:Longitem |Albedo}} | data93 = Template:Val<ref name="FarkasTakacs2017"/> | label94 = Temperature | data94 = ~65 K Template:Small

| data100 = {{#if:|

Surface temp.	min	mean	max
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| header110 = Atmosphere

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Caliban Template:IPAc-en is the second-largest retrograde irregular satellite of Uranus.Template:Sfn It was discovered on 6 September 1997 by Brett J. Gladman, Philip D. Nicholson, Joseph A. Burns, and John J. Kavelaars using the 200-inch Hale Telescope together with Sycorax and given the temporary designation S/1997 U 1.Template:Sfn

Designated Uranus XVI, it was named after the monster character in William Shakespeare's play The Tempest.

OrbitEdit

File:Animation of Sycorax orbit around Uranus.gif

Animation of Caliban's orbit around Uranus.
Template:Legend2 Template:·Template:Legend2 Template:·Template:Legend2 Template:·Template:Legend2 Template:·Template:Legend2 Template:·Template:Legend2

Caliban follows a distant orbit, more than 10 times further from Uranus than Oberon, the outermost regular moon.Template:Sfn Its orbit is retrograde, moderately inclined and slightly eccentric. The orbital parameters suggest that it may belong to the same dynamic cluster as Stephano and Francisco, suggesting common origin.Template:Sfn

File:TheIrregulars URANUS retro.svg

Retrograde irregular satellites of Uranus

The diagram illustrates the orbital parameters of the retrograde irregular satellites of Uranus (in polar co-ordinates) with the eccentricity of the orbits represented by the segments extending from the pericentre to the apocentre.

Physical characteristicsEdit

Caliban's diameter is estimated to be around 42 km, based on thermal measurements by the Herschel Space Observatory.<ref name="FarkasTakacs2017"/> Its albedo is estimated at around 0.22, which is unusually high compared to those of other Uranian irregular satellites. Neptune's largest irregular satellite, Nereid, has a similarly high albedo as Caliban.<ref name="FarkasTakacs2017"/>

Somewhat inconsistent reports put Caliban in light-red category (Template:Nowrap Template:Nowrap,Template:Sfn Template:Nowrap Template:Nowrap Template:Sfn), redder than Himalia but still less red than most Kuiper belt objects. Caliban may be slightly redder than Sycorax.<ref name="Maris 2001" /> It also absorbs light at 0.7 μm, and one group of astronomers think this may be a result of liquid water that modified the surface.<ref name="Schmude 2008" />

Measurements of Caliban's light curve by the Kepler space telescope indicate that its rotation period is about 9.9 hours.<ref name="FarkasTakacs2017"/>

OriginEdit

Caliban is hypothesized to be a captured object: it did not form in the accretionary disk that existed around Uranus just after its formation. The exact capture mechanism is not known, but capturing a moon requires the dissipation of energy. The possible capture processes include: gas drag in the protoplanetary disk, many body interactions and the capture during the fast growth of the Uranus's mass (so-called "pull-down").Template:Sfn Template:Sfn

ReferencesEdit

Template:Reflist

External linksEdit

Caliban Profile by NASA's Solar System Exploration
David Jewiit pages
Uranus' Known Satellites (by Scott S. Sheppard)
MPC: Natural Satellites Ephemeris Service
Caliban and Sycorax, Moons of Uranus (2005 Calvin J. Hamilton)

Template:Uranus {{#invoke:Navbox|navbox}} Template:Solar System moons (compact)