Catherine Wolfe Bruce
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Catherine Wolfe Bruce (January 22, 1816, New York – March 13, 1900, New York) was a noted American philanthropist and patron of astronomy.<ref name="Americana1909">Template:Cite book</ref>
Early lifeEdit
Bruce was born on January 22, 1816. She was the daughter of the George Bruce (1781–1866), a famous type founder who was born in Edinburgh, and Catherine Wolfe (1785–1861), the daughter of David Wolfe (1748–1836) of New York City. One of five children,<ref name=":0">Ogilvie, Marilyn Bailey, and Joy Dorothy Harvey. The Biographical Dictionary of Women in Science: Pioneering Lives from Ancient Times to the Mid-20th Century. New York: Routledge, 2000.</ref> her brother was David Wolfe Bruce (1824–1895), who, along with David Wolfe Bishop, inherited the fortune of their cousin, Catharine Lorillard Wolfe.<ref name="1895DWB">Template:Cite news</ref>
CareerEdit
She studied painting, learned Latin, German, French and Italian, and was familiar with the literature of those languages.<ref name="Observatory1900">Template:Cite book</ref>
In 1890, she wrote and published a translation of the "Dies Irae."<ref name="Observatory1900"/>
Personal lifeEdit
Due to an ever-increasing illness, she was confined to her home and died on March 13, 1900, at 810 Fifth Avenue in New York City.<ref name="Observatory1900"/><ref name="1900Obit">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="Sobel2016">Template:Cite book</ref>
PhilanthropyEdit
In 1877, she donated $50,000 for the construction of a library building and the purchase of books in memory of her father. The library, known as "The George Bruce Library" was completed in 1888 and was located at 226 West 42nd Street and designed by G. E. Harney. The building was sold in 1913 and the proceeds were used to build the current George Bruce library located on 125th Street in Harlem and designed by Carrère & Hastings.<ref name="Noonan2009">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
As an amateur astronomer, she turned to philanthropy in this field at the age of 73, only after reading an article by Simon Newcomb claiming all the major discoveries in astronomy have occurred.<ref name=":0" /> Bruce turned to telescope maker Alvan Graham Clark to see how she could support research in astronomy.
Bruce made over 54 gifts to astronomy, totaling over $275,000, between 1889 and 1899. She donated funds to the Harvard College Observatory (U.S.A.), Yerkes Observatory (U.S.A.) and Landessternwarte Heidelberg-Königstuhl (Germany), run by Max Wolf at the time, to buy new telescopes at each of those institutes.<ref name="Astronomical325">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="Hughes2012">Template:Cite book</ref> In 1887, she donated the George Bruce Free Library.<ref name="Payne1900">Template:Cite book</ref>
Bruce established the Bruce Medal of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific in recognition of lifetime achievements and contributions to astrophysics, and is one of the prestigious awards in the field.<ref name="Angelo2014">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="astrosociety">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
HonorsEdit
Asteroid 323 Brucia, discovered by Max Wolf is named after her, as well as the crater Bruce on the Moon.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> She was awarded a gold medal by the Grand Duke of Baden.<ref name="Astronomical325"/>
Astronomer Johann Palisa gave her the honor of naming 313 Chaldaea as a token for the gratitude of astronomers.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>