Cattleya

Cattleya (Template:IPAc-en)<ref>Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606–607</ref> is a genus of orchids from Costa Rica south to Argentina.<ref name="kew">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The genus is abbreviated C in trade journals.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Description

Epiphytic or terrestrial orchids with cylindrical rhizome from which the fleshy noodle-like roots grow. Pseudobulbs can be conical, spindle-shaped or cylindrical; with upright growth; one or two leaves growing from the top of them. The leaves can be oblong, lanceolate or elliptical, somewhat fleshy, with smooth margin. The inflorescence is a terminal raceme with few or several flowers. Flowers have sepals and petals free from each other; the lip or labellum (lowermost petal), usually has a different coloration and shape from the rest of the flower and covers in part the flower column forming a tube. There are four pollinia (bag-like organs that contain pollen). The fruit is a capsule with many small seeds.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name=":8">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name=":1">Schweinfurth, C., "Orchidaceae, Orchids of Peru", Fieldiana, Botany 30(3): 535</ref>

Taxonomy

The genus was named in 1824 by John Lindley after horticulturalist William Cattley. Cattley obtained a specimen of then unnamed Cattleya labiata from William Swainson who had discovered the new plant in Pernambuco, Brazil, in 1817. The plant successfully bloomed under the care of Cattley and it became the type specimen from which Lindley described C. labiata.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Currently accepted species and subgeneric division within genus Cattleya are:<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite journalTemplate:Dead link</ref><ref name=":0">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

• Subgenus Cattleya
  • Section Cattleya
  • Section Crispae
    • Series Cattleyodes
    • Series Hadrolaelia
    • Series Microlaelia
    • Series Parviflorae
    • Series Sophronitis
  • Section Lawrenceanae
• Subgenus Cattleyella
• Subgenus Intermediae
• Subgenus Maximae

Subgenus Cattleya

Section Crispae

Series Cattleyodes

Image	Name	Distribution	Elevation (m)
File:Cattleya crispa Lindley.jpg	C. crispa	SE. Brazil	800 – 1500 meters
File:Orchidaceae Cattleya grandis 1.jpg	C. grandis	Brazil - SE. Bahia to N. Espírito Santo	.
File:Laelia lobata1.jpg	C. lobata	SE. Brazil.
File:Sop perrini.jpg	C. perrinii	SE. Brazil	700 – 900 meters
File:Cattleya purpurata fma. sanguinea ‘Mentz’ (Lindl. & Paxton) Rollisson ex Lindl., Gard. Chron. 1855 319 (1855) (42929804561).jpg	C. purpurata	SE. & S. Brazil
File:A and B Larsen orchids - Laelia tenebrosa 925-4.jpg	C. tenebrosa	Brazil - SE. Bahia to Espírito Santo	.
	C. virens	SE. Brazil	1000 – 1500 meters
File:Cattleya xanthina (Espírito Santo, Brasil) (Lindl.) Van den Berg, Neodiversity 3- 12 (2008) (35756189832).jpg	C. xanthina	Brazil - Bahia to Espírito Santo	.

Series Hadrolaelia

Image	Name	Distribution	Elevation (m)
File:Cattleya alaorii (s-wild) (Brieger & Bicalho) Van den Berg, Neodiversity 3- 4 (2008) (32091365561).jpg	C. alaorii	Brazil - Bahia	200 – 600 meters
File:Cattleya bicalhoi fma. coerulea ‘Chojamaru’ Van den Berg, Neodiversity 3- 4 (2008) (26737176929).jpg	C. bicalhoi	Brazil - S. Minas Gerais to Rio de Janeiro	500 – 2000 meters
File:Cattleya jongheana (Rchb.f.) Van den Berg, Neodiversity 3 8 (2008) (26476434407).jpg	C. jongheana	Brazil - Minas Gerais	1300 – 1600 meters
File:Cattleya praestans rchb.f. van den berg.jpg.jpg	C. praestans	SE. Brazil	300 – 500 meters
File:Hadrolaelia pumila Imperatriz.JPG	C. pumila	SE. & S. Brazil	600 – 1300 meters
File:Cattleya sincorana ‘Black Willow’ (Schltr.) Van den Berg, Neodiversity 3- 11 (2008) (34363216995).jpg	C. sincorana	Brazil - Bahia	1100 – 1500 meters

Series Microlaelia

Image	Name	Distribution	Elevation (m)
File:Microlaelia lundii flower.jpg	C. lundii	Bolivia to Argentina	740 – 1000 meters

Series Parviflorae

Image	Name	Distribution	Elevation (m)
	C. alvarenguensis	Brazil - Minas Gerais	around 800 meters
File:Cattleya alvaroana (11763085833).jpg	C. alvaroana	Brazil - Rio de Janeiro
File:Cattleya angereri Orchi 003.jpg	C. angereri	Brazil - Minas Gerais	1000–1300 meters
File:Cattleya blumenscheinii (Pabst) Van den Berg, Neodiversity 3- 4 (2008). (39333106224).jpg	C. blumenscheinii	Brazil - Minas Gerais	around 1200 meters
	C. bradei	Brazil - Minas Gerais	1100 – 1400 meters
	C. briegeri	Brazil - Minas Gerais	around 1370 meter
	C. campacii	Brazil
File:Hoffmannseggella caulescens.jpg	C. caulescens	Brazil - Minas Gerais	600 – 1200 meters
File:Laelia cinnabarina 01.jpg	C. cinnabarina	Brazil - S. Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro	800 – 1500 meters
File:Cattleya colnagoi (11762787953).jpg	C. colnagoi	Brazil - Minas Gerais
	C. conceicionensis	Brazil - Minas Gerais	800 – 1200 meters
File:Cattleya crispata Orchi 168.jpg	C. crispata	Brazil - Minas Gerais	400 – 1200 meters
File:Cattleya endsfeldzii2a.jpg	C. endsfeldzii	Brazil - Minas Gerais	900 meters
File:Cattleya esalqueana Orchi 012.jpg	C. esalqueana	Brazil - Minas Gerais	1100 – 1300 meters
	C. flavasulina	Brazil - Minas Gerais	900 – 1440 meters
File:Cattleya fournieri Orchi 1015.jpg	C. fournieri	Brazil - Minas Gerais	1100 – 1800 meters
File:Cattleya ghillanyi fma. flamea '-1806' (Pabst) Van den Berg, Neodiversity 3 7 (2008) (40973783720).jpg	C. ghillanyi	Brazil - Minas Gerais
	C. gloedeniana	Brazil - São Paulo	around 1600 meters
	C. gracilis	Brazil - Minas Gerais: Serra do Cipó
	C. guanhanensis	Brazil - Minas Gerais	around 1100 meters
File:Cattleya harpophylla Orchi 016.jpg	C. harpophylla	Brazil - Minas Gerais to Espírito Santo	500 – 900 meters
File:Cattleya hatae.jpg	C. hatae	Brazil - Minas Gerais	1000 – 1100 meters
	C. hegeriana	Brazil - Rio de Janeiro	1000 – 1200 meters
	C. hispidula	Brazil - Minas Gerais	around 1200 meters
File:Sop mixta.jpg	C. hoehnei	Brazil - Espírito Santo	around 800 meters
	C. itambana	Brazil - Minas Gerais	1500 to 2200 meters
	C. kautskyana	Brazil - Espírito Santo	600 – 1000 meters
	C. kettieana	Brazil - Minas Gerais	1500 – 2000 meters
File:Cattleya kleberi 'Lemon Yellow' (F.E.L.Miranda) Van den Berg, Neodiversity 5 13 (2010) (48000446356).jpg	C. kleberi	Brazil - Minas Gerais	around 1100 meters
File:Hoffmannseggella liliputana.jpg	C. liliputana	Brazil - Minas Gerais: Serra do Ouro Branco	1200 – 1400 meters
	C. locatellii	Brazil - Minas Gerais
File:Sop longipes.jpg	C. longipes	SE. Brazil - Serra do Cipó	1300 – 2000 meters
File:Cattleya luetzelburgii Orchi 005.jpg	C. luetzelburgii	Brazil - Bahia	1100 – 1700 meters.
	C. macrobulbosa	Brazil - Espírito Santo	around 1600 meters
File:Cattleya marcaliana Orchi 053.jpg	C. marcaliana	Brazil - Bahia	200 – 300 meters
File:Cattleya milleri 'Red Butterfly’ (Blumensch. ex Pabst) Van den Berg, Neodiversity 3 9 (2008). (51186151831).jpg	C. milleri	Brazil - Minas Gerais	800 – 1300 meters
File:Cattleya mirandae Orchi 032.jpg	C. mirandae	Brazil - Minas Gerais	around 1300 meters
File:Cattleya munchowiana (F.E.L.Miranda) Van den Berg, Neodiversity 3 10 (2008) (42346340371).jpg	C. munchowiana	Brazil - Espírito Santo	1100 – 1300 meters
File:Cattleya neokautskyi Van den Berg, Neodiversity 3 10 (2008) (41114245832).jpg	C. neokautskyi	SE. Brazil	600 – 1000 meters.
File:Cattleya pabstii Orchi 027.jpg	C. pabstii	Brazil - Minas Gerais	1200 meters
	C. pendula	Brazil - Minas Gerais
File:Cattleya pfisteri Orchi 024.jpg	C. pfisteri	Brazil - Bahia	around 1300 meters
	C. presidentensis	Brazil - Minas Gerais	1000 – 1300 meters
File:Cattleya sp. aff. reginae (36382505655).jpg	C. reginae	Brazil - Minas Gerais	1200 – 2000 meters
File:Cattleya rupestris (Lindl.) Van den Berg, Neodiversity 3 11 (2008) (26248496577).jpg	C. rupestris	Brazil - Minas Gerais
	C. sanguiloba	Brazil – Bahia
File:蕾麗亞蘭屬 Laelia tereticaulis -香港沙田洋蘭展 Shatin Orchid Show, Hong Kong- (9200881800).jpg	C. tereticaulis	Brazil - Minas Gerais
	C. vandenbergii	Brazil - Minas Gerais
File:Cattleya vasconcelosiana (Campacci) Van den Berg, Phytotaxa 186 84 (2014) (30017905018).jpg	C. vasconcelosiana	Brazil - Minas Gerais	around 1100 meters
	C. verboonenii	Brazil - Rio de Janeiro
	C. viridiflora	Brazil - Minas Gerais

Series Sophronitis

Image	Name	Distribution	Elevation (m)
	C. acuensis	Brazil - Rio de Janeiro	1800 – 2100 meters
	C. alagoensis	Brazil - Alagoas	300 – 500 meters
File:Cattleya brevipedunculata (Brazil) (Cogn.) Van den Berg, Neodiversity 3- 5 (2008) (37604122515).jpg	C. brevipedunculata	Brazil - Minas Gerais	1220 – 2000 meters
File:Cattleya cernua (Lindl.) Van den Berg, Neodiversity 5 13 (2010) (44597776830).jpg	C. cernua	Brazil to NE. Argentina	2 – 100 meters
File:Cattleya coccinea '1980s' Lindl., Edwards's Bot. Reg. 22 t. 1919 (1836) (46224838001).jpg	C. coccinea	Brazil to NE. Argentina	650 – 1670 meters
	C. dichroma	Brazil - Rio de Janeiro	1200 – 1525 meters
File:Sophronitis mantiqueirae Orchi 068.jpg	C. mantiqueirae	SE. Brazil	1200 – 1890 meters
File:Cattleya pygmaea (Pabst) Van den Berg, Neodiversity 3 11 (2008) (50127068863).jpg	C. pygmaea	Brazil - Espírito Santo	915 – 1067 meters
File:Cattleya wittigiana (Barb.Rodr.) Van den Berg, Neodiversity 3 12 (2008) (40011443525).jpg	C. wittigiana	Brazil - Espírito Santo	700 – 2000 meters

Section Lawrenceanae

Image	Name	Distribution	Elevation (m)
File:Cattleya lawrenceana.jpg	C. lawrenceana	Venezuela, Guyana, N. Brazil	250 – 2400 meters
File:Cattleya lueddemanniana "tipo".JPG	C. lueddemanniana	N. Venezuela	0 – 500 meters
File:Cattleya eldorado Orchi 002.jpg	C. wallisii	N. Brazil

Subgenus Cattleyella

Image	Name	Distribution	Elevation (m)
File:Cattleyella araguaiensis Orchi 033.jpg	C. araguaiensis	Brazil	395 – 610 meters

Subgenus Maximae

Image	Name	Distribution	Elevation (m)
File:Cattleya maxima ‘La Negra’ Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. 116 (1833) (43195894741).jpg	C. maxima	S Ecuador to N Peru	10 – 1500 meters

Natural hybrids

Currently accepted natural hybrids are:<ref name=":0" />Template:Div col

• Cattleya × adrienne (= Cattleya pumila × Cattleya jongheana) (Brazil)
• Cattleya × albanensis
• Cattleya × amanda
• Cattleya × binotii (= ) (Brazil)
• Cattleya × brasiliensis (= C. bicolor × C. harrisoniana) (Brazil)
• Cattleya × braunae
• Cattleya × britoi (= C. crispata x C. mirandae) (Brazil - Minas Gerais)
• Cattleya × brymeriana (= C. violacea × C. wallisii) (N. Brazil).
• Cattleya × calimaniana (Brazil)
• Cattleya × calimaniorum (NE Brazil)
• Cattleya × carassana (Brazil)
• Cattleya × cattleyioides (Brazil)
• Cattleya × cipoensis (Brazil)
• Cattleya × colnagiana (Brazil).
• Cattleya × cristinae (Brazil).
• Cattleya × cypheri
• Cattleya × dasilvae
• Cattleya × dayana (= C. forbesii × C. guttata) (Brazil).
• Cattleya × deckeri
• Cattleya × delicata
• Cattleya × diamantinensis (= C. pfisteri × C. sincorana) (Brazil).
• Cattleya × dolosa (= C. loddigesii × C. walkeriana) (Brazil).
• Cattleya × dukeana (= C. bicolor × C. guttata) (SE. Brazil).
• Cattleya × duveenii (= C. guttata × C. harrisoniana) (SE. Brazil).
• Cattleya × elegans
• Cattleya × ericoi
• Cattleya × feldmanniana
• Cattleya × fidelensis (Brazil - Rio de Janeiro).
• Cattleya × frankeana
• Cattleya × gaezeriana
• Cattleya × gerhard-santosii
• Cattleya × gottoana
• Cattleya × gransabanensis (= C. jenmanii × C. lawrenceana) (Venezuela).
• Cattleya × gravesiana (= C. lueddemanniana × C. mossiae) (Venezuela).
• Cattleya × hardyana (= C. dowiana var.aurea × C. warscewiczii) (Colombia).
• Cattleya × heitoriana
• Cattleya × hummeliana
• Cattleya × hybrida (= C. guttata × C. loddigesii) (SE. Brazil).
• Cattleya × imperator (= C. granulata × C. labiata) (NE. Brazil).
• Cattleya × intricata (= C. intermedia × C. leopoldii) (S. Brazil).
• Cattleya × irrorata
• Cattleya × isaacii
• Cattleya × isabella (= C. forbesii × C. intermedia) (SE. Brazil).
• Cattleya × itabapoanaensis
• Cattleya × jetibaensis
• Cattleya × joaquiniana (= C. bicolor × C. walkeriana) (Brazil) .
• Cattleya × kautskyi (= C. harrisoniana × C. warneri) (SE. Brazil).
• Cattleya × kerchoveana
• Cattleya × labendziana
• Cattleya × lambari
• Cattleya × lilacina
• Cattleya × lucieniana (= C. forbesii × C. granulosa) (SE. Brazil).
• Cattleya × macguiganii
• Cattleya × measuresii (= C. aclandiae × C. walkeriana) (E. Brazil).
• Cattleya × mesquitae (= C. nobilior × C. walkeriana) (Brazil).
• Cattleya × mingaensis
• Cattleya × mixta (= C. guttata × C. schofieldiana) (Brazil).
• Cattleya × moduloi (C. schofieldiana × C. warneri) (Brazil).
• Cattleya × mucugensis
• Cattleya × neocalimaniana
• Cattleya × neocalimaniorum
• Cattleya × neoreginae
• Cattleya × nesyana
• Cattleya × occhioniana
• Cattleya × odiloniana
• Cattleya × patrocinii (= C. guttata × C. warneriana) (SE. Brazil).
• Cattleya × picturata (= C. guttata × C. intermedia) (SE. Brazil).
• Cattleya × pittiana
• Cattleya × porphyritis
• Cattleya × porphyrophlebia
• Cattleya × raganii
• Cattleya × resplendens (= C. granulosa × C. schilleriana) (NE. Brazil)
• Cattleya × rigbyana
• Cattleya × ruschii
• Cattleya × sancheziana
• Cattleya × schroederiana
• Cattleya × schunkiana
• Cattleya × schunkii
• Cattleya × scita (= C. intermedia × C. tigrina) (S. Brazil).
• Cattleya × sgarbii
• Cattleya × sororia
• Cattleya × tenuata (= C. elongata × C. tenuis) (Brazil) .
• Cattleya × varelae
• Cattleya × venosa (= C. forbesii × C. harrisoniana) (Brazil).
• Cattleya × verelii
• Cattleya × victoria-regina ( C. guttata × C. labiata) (NE. Brazil).
• Cattleya × victoriacarolinae
• Cattleya × wetmorei
• Cattleya × whitei
• Cattleya × wilsoniana (= C. bicolor × C. intermedia). (Brazil).
• Cattleya × wyattiana (= C. crispa × C. lobata). (Brazil).
• Cattleya × zaslawskii (= C. harpophylla × C. praestans). (Brazil).
• Cattleya × zayrae (= C. amethystoglossa × C. elongata). (Bahia, Brazil)

Nothogenera

Template:Expand section Hybrids of Cattleya and other genera are placed in the following nothogenera:

• × Brassocattleya = Brassavola × Cattleya
• × Brassolaeliocattleya = Brassavola × Cattleya × Laelia
• × Cattleytonia = Cattleya × Broughtonia
• × Laeliocattleya = Cattleya × Laelia
• × Rhyncholaeliocattleya = Rhyncholaelia × Cattleya

Cultivation

File:Cattleya mossiae forma coerulea Grito.jpg

Cattleya mossiae fo. coerulea

• Light

Cattleyas need light, but not direct sunlight; in case of intense sunlight, shade must be provided.<ref name=":2">Template:Cite book</ref>

• Temperature

Day temperatures must be between 25–30 °C (77–86 °F) and night temperatures not lower than 10–12 °C (50–53.6 °F).<ref name=":2" />

• Humidity

Must be between 40–70% with good ventilation; however plants must not be exposed to air currents.<ref name=":3">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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• Watering

Water only if substrate is dry. It can be done once a week, but it all depends on the environmental conditions and the season.<ref name=":3" />

• Fertilizing

Cattleyas can survive without fertilizing. However, it is advisable to use nitrogen-based fertilizers without urea; fertilizers must be applied during the growth season.<ref name=":3" /> To avoid salt accumulation in the substrate, water thoroughly between fertilizer applications.<ref name=":3" />

External links

• Template:Commons-inline
• Template:Wikispecies-inline
• {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }} (enter "Cattleya" in search box).

• More info About Orchids Orchids of Costa Rica
• Breeding Cattleya Breeding in Cattleyas
• Painting of a Cattleya by Martin Johnson Heade, 1871 - National Gallery of Art, Washington
• Orchid Picture Gallery
• American Orchid Society - Orchid Web
• Cattleya Orchid Forum
• van den Berg, C. and M.W. Chase. 2000. Nomenclatural notes on Laeliinae - I. Lindleyana 15(2): 115-119.
• Cattleya ochids flowers pictures Photos of Thailand native cattleya orchids
• Orchidroots.org Template:Webarchive Cattleya Species