Chakwaina

File:Dolls of the Tusayan Indians (1894) (14771122884).jpg

Number 34 on the bottom right is Chakwaina.

Chakwaina (alternatively Cha'kwaina or Tcakwaina) is a kachina which appears in Hopi, Zuni, and Keresan ceremonies, but does not appear in Tewa ceremonies.<ref name=Koenig>Template:Cite book</ref> Although imagery of the kachina is varied, it is usually depicted as an ogre, with ferocious teeth and a black goatee and black mask with yellow eyes.<ref name=Koenig /><ref name=McDonald>Template:Cite journal</ref> Its spread throughout Pueblo culture is often associated with the Asa clan.<ref name=Koenig />

It is often claimed that Chakwaina is a ceremonial representation of Estevanico, a Moroccan-born slave who led the first Spanish party to the Pueblo tribes as a scout for the expedition of Fray Marcos de Niza.<ref>Castañeda de Nájera, Pedro. Narrative of the Expedition of Coronado. Ed. John Miller Morris. Chicago: Lakeside Press, 2002.</ref><ref name=McDonald /><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Early anthropologist, Frederick J. Dockstader asserted that legendary sources linked Chakwaina to contact with Estevanico. However, the linkage is not clear and the kachina may actually predate contact with the Spanish.<ref>Robert Goodwin, Crossing the Continent, 1527-1540, Introduction, New York: Harper Collins, 2008</ref> In addition, although usually black, there very few white or albino Chakwaina representations.<ref name=Bromburg>Template:Cite book</ref>