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Chulalongkorn University

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Chulalongkorn University (CU; Template:Langx; Template:Langx, Template:RTGS) is a public autonomous research university in Bangkok, Thailand. The university was originally founded during King Chulalongkorn's reign as a school for training royal pages and civil servants in 1899 (B.E. 2442) at the Grand Palace. It was later established as a national university in 1917, making it the oldest institute of higher education in Thailand.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

During the reign of Chulalongkorn's son, King Vajiravudh, the Royal Pages School became the Civil Service College of King Chulalongkorn. The Rockefeller Foundation<ref>Becker, William H. Innovative Partners The Rockefeller Foundation and Thailand. New York: The Rockefeller Foundation, 2013. William H. Becker. "Assets: Rockefeller Foundation" Rockefeller Foundation. 2013. https://assets.rockefellerfoundation.org/app/uploads/20131001203515/Innovative-Partners.pdf Template:Webarchive (29 November 2106).</ref> was instrumental in helping the college form its academic foundation.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> On 26 March 1917, King Vajiravudh renamed the college "Chulalongkorn University".<ref>Chulalongkorn University official website. CU History Template:Webarchive. Retrieved January 15, 2016.</ref>

Chulalongkorn University is one of the National Research Universities and supported by the Office of Nation Education Standards and Quality Assessment of Thailand. Moreover, CU is the only Thai university which is a member of Association of Pacific Rim Universities (APRU).<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

File:Chulalongkorn University Auditorium High View.JPG
Chulalongkorn University

CU is composed of nineteen faculties, a School of Agriculture, three colleges, ten institutes and two other schools. Its campus occupies a vast area in downtown Bangkok. Graduates customarily receive their diplomas from the King of Thailand, a tradition begun by King Prajadhipok.

HistoryEdit

File:King Chulalongkorn as Field Marshal.jpg
The university was named after King Chulalongkorn
File:CUMonument56.JPG
Statues of King Chulalongkorn and King Vajiravudh

King Chulalongkorn's reforms, aimed at transforming Thailand into a modern state, demanded trained officials specialized in various fields. In 1899, the King founded the "Civil Service Training School"<ref>Template:Langx</ref> near the north gate of the Grand Palace. Those who graduated from the school would become royal pages. As royal pages, they learned how to manage organizations by working closely with the king, which was a traditional way to enter the Siamese bureaucracy. After serving as royal pages, they would then serve in the Ministry of Interior or other government ministries.

On 1 April 1902, the King renamed the school. It became the "Royal Pages School" (Template:Langx).<ref>ราชกิจจานุเบกษา, พระบรมราชโองการประกาศตั้งโรงเรียนมหาดเล็ก. เล่ม ๑๙, ตอน ๑, ๖ เมษายน พ.ศ.๒๔๔๕, หน้า ๑๖ (Royal Order to establish Royal Page School)</ref> On 1 January 1911, King Vajiravudh changed the name to "Civil Service College of King Chulalongkorn" (Template:Langx) as a memorial to his father and moved the school to Windsor Palace in the Pathumwan District.<ref>ราชกิจจานุเบกษา, พระบรมราชโองการประกาศตั้งโรงเรียนข้าราชการพลเรือนฯ , เล่ม ๒๗, ตอน ก, ๑๑ มกราคม พ.ศ.๒๔๕๔, หน้า ๑๒๓ (Royal Order to establish the Civil Service College of King Chulalongkorn)</ref>

The King subsidized the construction of a university campus and organized various schools around the city into Chulalongkorn. The college offered eight majors taught by five schools including;

File:CUAuditorium (II).jpg
Chulalongkorn University Auditorium

King Rama VI realized that education should be provided not only to bureaucrats, but to all people. On 26 March 1917, the college was upgraded to "Chulalongkorn University" (Template:Langx),<ref>ราชกิจจานุเบกษา, พระบรมราชโองการ ประกาศประดิษฐานโรงเรียนข้าราชการพลเรือนของพระบาทสมเด็จพระจุลจอมเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัวขึ้นเป็นโรงเรียนข้าราชการพลเรือน, เล่ม ๒๗, ตอน ก, ๑๕ เมษายน พ.ศ.๒๔๖๐ (ประกาศเมื่อวันที่ ๒๖ มีนาคม พ.ศ.๒๔๖๐, หน้า ๑๒๓ (Royal Order to establish the Civil Service College of King Chulalongkorn.)</ref> and the schools were transformed into four faculties: Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Faculty of Public Administration, Faculty of Engineering, and Faculty of Medicine.

The Rockefeller Foundation reorganized the curriculum of the Faculty of Medicine. In 1923, the Faculty of Medicine became the first faculty to accept secondary school (Mattayom) graduates. The remaining faculties then followed suit. After the 1932 Revolution, the People's Party wanted legal and political studies to be independent of "royalists" so they moved the Faculty of Law and Political Science to the new Thammasat University in 1933.

In 1938, Chulalongkorn University's Preparatory School was founded to provide pre-collegiate education to students. Those who managed to enter the university had to spend two years in the Preparatory School before going on to the Faculty of Arts and Sciences. The Preparatory School, however, ceased to be a university-owned preparatory school in 1947 and became the independent Triam Udom Suksa School. Later, the university established Chulalongkorn University Demonstration School (CUD) as a laboratory school for primary and secondary education for the Faculty of Education.

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SymbolsEdit

Phra KiaoEdit

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File:Prakiow.jpg
Pra Kiao model, CU Museum

Since the establishment of the Royal Pages School, the former name of the university, King Chulalongkorn authorized the use of his personal emblem as a school emblem.<ref>About Phra Kiao by Chulalongkorn Memorial Hall Template:Webarchive</ref> The emblem is called Phra Kiao, a Thai coronet, royal headgear for young princes and princesses. As the school was transformed into the university, the King authorized the use of phra kiao. Today, phra kiao appears not only in formal letters and transcripts, but also on souvenirs made by the university as well as student uniforms.

Student uniformEdit

Undergraduates are required to wear a uniform when studying, taking examinations, or contacting the university in person. Male graduate students wear a collared or polo shirt and dark trousers. Women wear a plain blouse with long skirt.

Originally, the university uniform was adapted from a uniform worn by Chulalongkorn's heirs.<ref>History about CU uniform. Template:Webarchive</ref> The uniform was later updated, but the original is reserved as a formal uniform. The formal uniform is usually worn by student leaders and graduates.

Today, the ordinary uniform for male undergraduate students consists of a plain white shirt with long or short sleeves and black (or dark blue) trousers. Wearing a dark blue necktie with colored phra kiao engraved on its front is mandatory for first-year students but optional for higher years. However, a black tie with a silver phra kiao pin is usually used by upperclass student in some faculties. Female students are required to wear a short-sleeved blouse with a fold along the spine. The buttons must be made of metal, and a small phra kiao emblem must be pinned on the right breast. A dark blue or black pleated skirt with any black, white, or brown shoes are worn. For female first-year students, white leather shoes are mandatory.<ref>ราชกิจจานุเบกษา, ข้อบังคับจุฬาฯ ว่าด้วยเครื่องแบบ เครื่องหมาย และเครื่องแต่งกายนิสิต พ.ศ.๒๕๕๓, เล่ม ๑๒๗, ตอนพิเศษ ๕๒ ง, ๒๖ เมษายน พ.ศ.๒๕๕๓ (The university regulation on uniform and dress codes, 2010)</ref> Chulalongkorn University's uniforms have long been the template of many uniforms used in other universities in Thailand.

Academic dressEdit

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The academic dress of Chulalongkorn University is based on ceremonial attire called khrui, a gown made from very fine mesh. The robe was originally reserved for pre-ordination monks, ministers and royal family members. Like dresses worn in the United Kingdom, the robe is open-fronted and calf-length. Cap and hood, however, are omitted. The gown is faced and lined with a felt strip dyed according to the status of the wearer and decorated with gold ribbons. The elbow and wrist portion of the gown is also wrapped with the same felt strip.

Bachelor's and master's gown is faced and bordered with a black felt strip, while a doctor's gown uses a scarlet felt strip. This colour scheme is similar to one used at the University of Oxford: Black for bachelors and masters (and doctors in undress); Scarlet for doctors (in full-dress).<ref name="shaw">Shaw, G. W. (1995) Academical Dress of British and Irish Universities, Chichester: Philmore & Co. Ltd, Template:ISBN</ref> The cord (bachelor) or ribbon (master and doctor) dyed with the faculty colour is attached to the centre of the felt strip longitudinally.<ref>ราชกิจจานุเบกษา.ข้อบังคับจุฬาฯ ว่าด้วยการกำหนดปริญญาในสาขาวิชา อักษรย่อสำหรับสาขาวิชา ครุยวิทยฐานะ เข็มวิทยฐานะ และครุยประจำตำแหน่ง พ.ศ.๒๕๕๓.เล่ม ๑๒๗ ตอนพิเศษ ๕๒ ง, ๒๖ เมษายน ๒๕๕๓. (University Regulation on Degrees Granted, Graduation and Faculty Gowns, 2010)</ref> Officers' (lecturers, university council members, vice-chancellor and chancellor) gown is faced with a pink strip and centred with a gold thread, regardless of the faculty. The specially designed gown with a yellow facing is reserved for the king of Thailand, who is also Visitor to the University.<ref>ราชกิจจานุเบกษา.พระราชกำหนดเสื้อครุยบัณฑิตของจุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย พ.ศ.๒๔๗๓. เล่ม ๔๗, ๖ กรกฎาคม ๒๔๗๓. (Regulation on Chulalongkorn University Graduation Gown, 1930)</ref>

Vajiravudh authorized the university to use the traditional Thai gown instead of the western one,<ref>Graduation Gown of Chulalongkorn University Template:Webarchive</ref> but the regulation on this matter was enacted in 1930 by Prajadhipok.<ref name="regulation1930">ราชกิจจานุเบกษา, พระราชกำหนดเสื้อครุยบัณฑิตของจุฬาลงกรณมหาวิทยาลัย พ.ศ.๒๔๗๓, เล่ม ๔๗ หน้า ๙๒-๙๖ (Academic dress act 1930)</ref>

Example of felt stripsEdit

  • King's Felt Strip CU.svg
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  • Faculty's Felt Strip CU.svg
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  • Felt Strip for Bachelor CU (Science).svg
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  • Felt Strip for Master CU (Science).svg
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  • Felt Strip for Doctor CU (Science).svg
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  • Felt Strip for Bachelor CU (Commerce).svg
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  • Felt Strip for Master CU (Commerce).svg
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  • Felt Strip for Doctor CU (Commerce).svg
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Rain TreesEdit

File:RaintreeCU.JPG
Rain Tree near CU Auditorium

Rain trees are common on the university campus. They are associated with the cycle of student life. Fresh green leaves at beginning of the term represent the freshmen's naivete. As the tree produces slimy pods and sheds leaves, the ground beneath it becomes slippery, thus alerting students to prepare for examinations. If they walk carefully, they will not slip (pass examinations). If they walk heedlessly, they will slip and fall (fail examinations).<ref>Rain Tree-The Symbol of Chulalongkorn University Template:Webarchive</ref>

From 1937–1957, many rain trees were cut down to free space for new buildings. King Bhumibol Adulyadej noticed the dramatic decrease in the number of rain trees. On 15 January 1962, he brought five trees from Hua Hin and planted them in front of the university auditorium, proclaiming: "...I give these five trees as an eternal memorial." (Template:Langx).

OrganizationEdit

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File:Cbs.jpg
Chulalongkorn Business School
File:อาคารบัณฑิต กันตะบุตร.jpg
Bundit Building
File:CBS in New Era.jpg
Chulalongkorn Business School in 2022
File:Commarts, feb23.jpg
Faculty of Communication Arts

Chulalongkorn University consists of 19 faculties, three colleges, one school and many institutes which function as teaching and research units.<ref name="fac1">ราชกิจจานุเบกษา, ประกาศจุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย เรื่อง ส่วนงานของมหาวิทยาลัย พ.ศ. ๒๕๕๒, เล่ม ๑๒๗, ตอนพิเศษ ๑๖ ง, ๑ กุมภาพันธ์ พ.ศ. ๒๕๕๓, หน้า ๗๐ (University notification (rather command) on academic units, 2008)</ref><ref name="fac2">ราชกิจจานุเบกษา, ประกาศจุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย เรื่อง ส่วนงานของมหาวิทยาลัย (ฉบับที่ ๒) พ.ศ. ๒๕๕๗, เล่ม ๑๓๑, ตอนพิเศษ ๔๙ ง, ๑๘ มีนาคม พ.ศ. ๒๕๕๗, หน้า ๓ (Amendment to 2008 regulation, ratified 2014)</ref>

In 1917, the university had four faculties: Arts and Sciences, Public Administration, Engineering, and Medicine. The Faculty of Law was established in 1933 as part of the Faculty of Law and Political Science.<ref>www.law.chula.ac.th Template:Webarchive</ref> From the 1930s to the 1950s it expanded to various fields including Pharmacy (1934), Veterinary Science (1935), Architecture (1939), Dentistry (1940), and Commerce and Accountancy (1943). In 1943, the regency government under General Phibun separated the Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, Pharmacy, and Veterinary Science to become the University of Medical Sciences, now Mahidol University. In 1948, the Faculty of Political Science was re-established. The Faculty of Education was established in 1957 from the School of Teacher Training at Baan Somdet Chao Phraya (Template:Langx).<ref>Faculty of Education, Chulalongkorn University Template:Webarchive</ref> In 1967, the Faculty of Veterinary Science was returned from Kasetsart University and the Faculty of Medicine at Chulalongkorn Hospital was moved from University of Medical Sciences to Chulalongkorn University. In 1972, the Faculty of Dentistry and Faculty of Pharmacy were reinstated.

The Office of the Commission on Agricultural Resource Education (OCARE) was established in 2009.<ref>Principles and history of establishing OCARE. Template:Webarchive</ref> It is not an administrative office, but a school in which teaching and research are carried out. It admits students from two groups: one from northern Thai provinces (Nan, Phayao, Phrae, Uttaradit) and another from the rest of country. It was upgraded to the School of Agricultural Resources with full degree-granting power on 5 March 2014.<ref name="fac2"/> In 2014 it became the School of Agriculture, Chulalongkorn University (SAR).

In 2019, aiming to address global industry changes and demand for relevant education, Chulalongkorn University launched Chulalongkorn School of Integrated Innovation (ScII) to offer the first in Asia interdisciplinary undergraduate degree in both arts and science – Bachelor of Arts and Science in Integrated Innovation (BAScii).<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

File:CUoldandnew.jpg
CU central campus

Health sciencesEdit

Science and technologyEdit

  • Faculty of Architecture
  • Faculty of Engineering
  • Faculty of Science
  • School of Agricultural Resources

Social science and humanitiesEdit

  • Faculty of Commerce and Accountancy (Also known as Chulalongkorn Business School)
  • Faculty of Arts (Letters)
  • Faculty of Communication Arts
  • Faculty of Economics
  • Faculty of Education
  • Faculty of Fine and Applied Arts (Art)
  • Faculty of Law
  • Faculty of Political Science

Integrated FacultyEdit

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International programsEdit

File:Cu-auditorium-Inside.jpg
Inside Chulalongkorn University Auditorium

CU's international programs offers 99 international programs, including 17 Bachelor, 48 Master and 34 Doctoral programs. Admissions for international students are based on the guidelines issued by the Council of University Presidents of Thailand.

Bachelor's Degrees:

Graduate institutesEdit

  • College of Population Studies
  • College of Public Health Science
  • Graduate School
  • Language Institute
  • Petroleum and Petrochemical College
  • Sasin School of Management

Research institutesEdit

  • Aquatic Resources Research Institute
  • Energy Research Institute
  • Environmental Research Institute
  • Institute of Asian Studies
  • Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering
  • Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute
  • Social Research Institute
  • Transportation Institute

Associated institutesEdit

  • Police Nursing College
  • Red Cross College of Nursing

ResearchEdit

Chulalongkorn University has research organizations in many fields of study. Template:Colbegin

  • Aquatic Resources Research Institute
  • Energy Research Institute
  • Environment Research Institute
  • Social Research Institute
  • The Institute of Biotechnology and Genetics Engineering
  • Metallurgy and Material Science Research Institute
  • Institute of Asian Studies
  • Transportation Institute

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RankingsEdit

Template:Infobox university rankings

OverallEdit

  • In the QS Asia University Rankings 2016. Chulalongkorn has been ranked as the top Thai university and 45th in Asia<ref name=":0">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

  • In the QS graduate employability rankings 2016. Chulalongkorn is No. 1 university in Thailand and No. 151 – 200 in the world
  • In the Center for World University Ranking or CWUR, Chulalongkorn is ranked as number 1 university in Thailand and 308th in world rankings in 2017, considered by alumni, researches, quality of curriculums and instructors.<ref name=":2">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • In the Round University Ranking 2017. Chulalongkorn is ranked the 1st in Thailand and ranked 398th in the world.<ref name=":3">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • In the RUR Research Performance World University Rankings 2016. Chulalongkorn is No. 1 university in Thailand and No. 424 in the world
  • In the CWTS Leiden Ranking 2016. Chulalongkorn is ranked the first in Thailand and 432nd in the world.<ref name=":4">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • In the THE World University Rankings 2016. Chulalongkorn is ranked 601–800 in the world.<ref name=":5">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • In the RUR Reputation Rankings 2016. Chulalongkorn is No. 1 university in Thailand and No. 182 in the world.<ref name=":12">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • In the SCImago institutions Ranking, which ranks international researches of universities. Chulalongkorn is ranked 475th in World rankings in 2016, up six places from last year.<ref name=":6">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • In the Academic Ranking of World Universities 2017. Chulalongkorn is No. 1 university in Thailand and No. 401-500 in the world.<ref name=":14">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • In the Nature Index, the affiliations of high-quality scientific articles. Chulalongkorn is ranked the 1st in Thailand in 2016.<ref name=":7">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • US News ranked Chulalongkorn 522th in the world.<ref name=":8">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref> based on the university's reputation, medium, citations, international cooperation, and he quantity of PhD students.

  • In the 2018 Times Higher Education Emerging Economies Index, Chula ranked 126.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
  • In the UI Green Metric-City Center, Chulalongkorn was ranked the 1st in national rankings and the 15th in world rankings.<ref name=":9">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref> considered by Setting and Infrastructure, Energy and Climate Change, Waste, Water, Transportation and Education.

  • The Webometric ranking indicates quantity and quality of the university's medium, considered by being searched by search engines, online documents, and citations in Google Scholar. Chulalongkorn is ranked the 1st in national rankings 548th in the world.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

SubjectEdit

QS World University Rankings by Subject 2024: Chula ranked number one in Thailand in 32 disciplines<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

World rank Subject
51 – 100
  • Dentistry
  • Development Studies
  • Engineering – Petroleum
  • Engineering – Mineral & Mining
  • Performing Arts
101 – 150
  • Anthropology
  • Architecture and Built Environment
  • Geography
  • Modern Languages
  • Pharmacy & Pharmacology
  • Politics
  • Social Sciences & Management
  • Social Policy & Administration
  • Sports-Related Subjects
151 – 200
  • Agriculture & Forestry
  • Arts and Humanities
  • Business & Management Studies
  • Chemistry
  • Civil and Structural Engineering
  • Economics & Econometrics
  • Electrical and Electronic Engineering
  • Chemical Engineering
  • History
  • Linguistics
  • Medicine
201 – 250
  • Accounting & Finance
  • Chemistry
  • Environmental Sciences
  • Earth & Marine Sciences
  • Law
  • Sociology
251 – 300
  • Education & Training
  • Mechanical, Aeronautical & Manufacturing Engineering
  • Materials Science
301 – 400
  • Physics & Astronomy
  • Biological Sciences
  • Computer Science & Information Systems

CampusEdit

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File:หอพักนิสิต-CUDorm.jpg
Chulalongkorn University dormitory

The university campus occupies an area of Template:Convert in the downtown Pathum Wan District. It accounts for just over half of the Template:Convert of land owned by the university, the rest of which is commercially developed by the university's Property Management Office or used by other institutions.

Centenary ParkEdit

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The west side of Chula's campus is the site of this innovative park. It has gradually sloping portions.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Its 28 rai expanse contains a water retention pond with a capacity of 3.8 million liters and a rain garden. Both help to ameliorate Bangkok's seasonal flooding. It was built to commemorate Chula's 100th anniversary in 2017.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

AccommodationEdit

Chulalongkorn University International House Template:Proper name<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> is a 26-storey, 846-unit, on campus residence for international students and lecturers. Rooms come fully furnished with air conditioning, modern conveniences, 24-hour security and safety systems. The residence is included in the university's shuttle bus services.

Honorary degreesEdit

The university has bestowed honorary degrees on heads of state and other international dignitaries, including two U.S. presidents:

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TraditionsEdit

Chulalongkorn University student traditions include:

  • Chula–Thammasat Traditional Football Match: The annual football match between Chulalongkorn University and Thammasat University in January at Suphashalasai Stadium. It first started in 1934.
  • Loy Krathong: an annual celebration of the full moon night, which usually falls on the first full moon day in November. Since the festival is open to the public, it attracts many people, especially Chulalongkorn students and faculty and those who live in downtown Bangkok, to come to the university to float their krathongs on the university's pond.
  • Chulalongkorn Academic Exhibition: a triennial academic and research exhibition presented by Chulalongkorn University's students and faculty. It is regarded as one of the most important academic fairs in Thailand.

Student activities and clubsEdit

The university is host to 40 student clubs, including the Buddhism and Traditions Club, the Religious Studies Club, the Mind Study Club, and the Thai Classical Music Club. Chulalongkorn also has a Morals Network, which actively campaigns to protect student activities from damaging the university's reputation. The university's Cheer Club annually organizes the Chula-Thammasat traditional football match.

Notable alumniEdit

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International reputationEdit

  • The PH21 team, Computer Engineering students at Chulalongkorn University, got the 1st prize from the Microsoft Imagine Cup 2016 in the games category<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Chulalongkorn University Concert Choir Won Gold Award in World-Class Musical Competition 2014<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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Robocup competitionsEdit

The university RoboCup team, Plasma‐Z, got several prizes from the robotics competition as follow.<ref>PlasmaZ Extended Team Description PaperTemplate:Dead link</ref>

  • In 2005, almost reached the quarter-final at Osaka RoboCup.
  • In 2006, the third place and technical challenge at Bremen RoboCup.
  • In 2007, second place Atlanta World RoboCup.
  • In 2008, finally, the team got champion of World RoboCup Small‐Sized Robot League at Suzhou, China.

Moreover, another university Robocup team, Plasma-RX has participated in Rescue robot league at World RoboCup 2008, Suzhou, China, and won the first prize and the best-in-class in mobility award.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Plasma-RX: Autonomous Rescue Robots</ref>

See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

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External linksEdit

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