Close-mid front rounded vowel

Template:Short description Template:Infobox IPA Template:IPA vowels

File:Spectrogram close-mid front rounded vowel (IPA ø).png

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The close-mid front rounded vowel, or high-mid front rounded vowel,<ref>Template:Vowel terminology</ref> is a type of vowel sound used in some spoken languages.

The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents the sound is Template:Angbr IPA, a lowercase letter o with a diagonal stroke through it, borrowed from Danish, Norwegian, and Faroese, which sometimes use the letter to represent the sound. This sound is represented by the [[Ø|letter Template:Angbr]] in most of Scandinavia; by the digraphs [[List of Latin-script digraphs#E|Template:Angbr]] and [[List of Latin-script digraphs#Other|Template:Angbr]] (using the [[Œ|Template:Angbr]] ligature) in French; and by [[Ö|Template:Angbr]] in many languages like German-derived languages, Estonian, Swedish, Finnish, and Icelandic. The symbol is commonly referred to as a "slashed o" in English.

For the close-mid front rounded vowel that is usually transcribed with the symbol Template:Angbr IPA, see near-close front rounded vowel. If the usual symbol is Template:Angbr IPA, the vowel is listed here.

Close-mid front compressed vowelEdit

The close-mid front compressed vowel is typically transcribed in IPA simply as Template:Angbr IPA, which is the convention used in this article. There is no dedicated diacritic for compression in the IPA. However, the compression of the lips can be shown with the letter Template:IPAalink as Template:Angbr IPA (simultaneous {{#invoke:IPA|main}} and labial compression) or Template:Angbr IPA ({{#invoke:IPA|main}} modified with labial compression). The spread-lip diacritic Template:Angbr IPA may also be used with a rounded vowel letter Template:Angbr IPA as an ad hoc symbol, but 'spread' technically means unrounded.

For the close-mid front compressed vowel that is usually transcribed with the symbol Template:Angbr IPA, see near-close front compressed vowel. If the usual symbol is Template:Angbr IPA, the vowel is listed here.

FeaturesEdit

Template:Close-mid vowel Template:Front vowel Template:Compressed vowel

OccurrenceEdit

Because front rounded vowels are assumed to have compression, and few descriptions cover the distinction, some of the following may actually have protrusion.

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Asturian	Some Western dialects<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>	lang}}	main}}	'outside'	Realization of Template:Angbr in the diphthong Template:Angbr. May also be realized as Template:IPAblink or Template:IPAblink.
Asturian	Cabrales (East)	lang}}	main}}	'outside'	Realization of Template:Angbr in the diphthong Template:Angbr. May also be realized as Template:IPAblink or Template:IPAblink.
Bavarian	Amstetten dialect<ref name="tm82">Template:Harvcoltxt, cited in Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>	Template:Example needed			Contrasts close Template:IPAblink, near-close Template:IPAblink, close-mid {{#invoke:IPA\|main}} and open-mid Template:IPAblink front rounded vowels in addition to the open central unrounded Template:IPAblink.<ref name="tm82"/> Typically transcribed in IPA with Template:Angbr IPA.
Bavarian	Northern Template:Sfnp	Template:Example needed			main}} before {{#invoke:IPA\|main}}.Template:Sfnp
Breton Template:Sfnp		lang}}	main}}	'hour'
Chechen		lang}} / {{#invoke:Lang\|lang}}	main}}	'hamster'
Danish	StandardTemplate:Sfnp	lang}}	main}}	'buy'	Also described as near-close Template:IPAblink.<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt, cited in Template:Harvcoltxt.</ref> See Danish phonology
Djeoromitxi Template:Sfnp		{{#invoke:IPA\|main}}		'man'
Dutch	Standard Belgian Template:Sfnp Template:Sfnp	{{#invoke:Lang\|lang}}	Template:Audio-IPA	'nose'	Also described as central Template:IPAblink.Template:Sfnp In the Standard Northern variety, it is diphthongized to {{#invoke:IPA\|main}}.Template:Sfnp Template:Sfnp See Dutch phonology
Dutch	Many accentsTemplate:Sfnp	{{#invoke:Lang\|lang}}	Template:Audio-IPA	'nose'	Present in many Eastern and Southern varieties.Template:Sfnp See Dutch phonology
English	Broad New Zealand Template:Sfnp Template:Sfnp	bird	{{#invoke:IPA\|main}}	'bird'	main}}. Other speakers use a more open vowel {{#invoke:IPA\|main}}.Template:Sfnp Template:Sfnp See New Zealand English phonology
	Cardiff Template:Sfnp				Lower {{#invoke:IPA\|main}} in other southern Welsh accents. It corresponds to mid central unrounded Template:IPAblink in other Welsh accents and in RP.Template:Sfnp Template:Sfnp Template:Sfnp
	Port Talbot Template:Sfnp
	Geordie Template:Sfnp Template:Sfnp				Can be mid central unrounded Template:IPAblink instead.Template:Sfnp
	South African Template:Sfnp				Used in General and Broad accents; may be mid Template:IPAblink instead. In the Cultivated variety, it is realized as mid central unrounded Template:IPAblink.Template:Sfnp See South African English phonology
Estonian Template:Sfnp		lang}}	main}}	'work'	See Estonian phonology
Faroese	Suðuroy dialectTemplate:Sfnp	lang}}	main}}	'bridges'	main}} and {{#invoke:IPA\|main}}.Template:Sfnp The stressed vowel typically transcribed with Template:Angbr IPA in IPA transcriptions of Faroese is open-mid Template:IPAblink.<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt, cited in Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> See Faroese phonology
French Template:Sfnp Template:Sfnp		lang}}	Template:Audio-IPA	'few'	See French phonology
German	Standard Template:Sfnp Template:Sfnp	lang}}	Template:Audio-IPA	'beautiful'	See Standard German phonology
German	Southern accentsTemplate:Sfnp	lang}}	main}}	'hell'	main}} in Southern Germany, Switzerland and Austria.Template:Sfnp See Standard German phonology
Hungarian Template:Sfnp		lang}}	main}}	'woman'	See Hungarian phonology
Iaai Template:Sfnp		lang}}	main}}	'to close eyes'
Kurdish Template:Sfnp	Palewani (Southern)	lang}}/sör	main}}	'wedding'	See Kurdish phonology
Lemerig<ref>François (2013), p. 207.</ref>		lang}}	main}}	'forget'
Limburgish	Most dialectsTemplate:Sfnp Template:Sfnp	lang}}	main}}	'beech'	Central Template:IPAblink in Maastricht;Template:Sfnp the example word is from the Hamont-Achel dialect.
Lombard	Lombardy <ref name=":0">Template:Cite book</ref>	lang}} / {{#invoke:Lang\|lang}}	main}}	'new'	One of the phonetic pronunciations of the classic lombard orthography trigraph 'oeu', along with [ø], modern orthography uses 'ö' to distinguish it from the [œ] phoneme that is rendered by letter 'œ'.
Low German Template:Sfnp		lang}} / {{#invoke:Lang\|lang}}	main}}	'son'	May be realized as a narrow closing diphthong in certain dialects.Template:Sfnp
Löyöp<ref>François (2013), p. 226.</ref>		lang}}	main}}	'place haunted by spirits'
Luxembourgish Template:Sfnp		lang}}	main}}	'stupid'	Occurs only in loanwords.Template:Sfnp See Luxembourgish phonology
Portuguese	Micaelense<ref>Variação Linguística no Português Europeu: O Caso do Português dos Açores Template:In lang</ref>	lang}}	main}}	'ox'	Allophone of Template:IPAslink. See Portuguese phonology
Portuguese	Some European speakers<ref>Lista das marcas dialetais e outros fenómenos de variação (fonética e fonológica) identificados nas amostras do Arquivo Dialetal do CLUP Template:In lang</ref>	lang}}	main}}	'I give'	Allophone of Template:IPAslink. See Portuguese phonology
Ripuarian	Cologne Template:Sfnp	Mösch	main}}	'sparrow'	Can also appear long, as in pröve [pʁøː¹və] 'test'.
Saterland Frisian Template:Sfnp		lang}}	main}}	'gutter'	Typically transcribed in IPA with Template:Angbr IPA. Phonetically, it is nearly identical to {{#invoke:IPA\|main}} (Template:IPAblink). The vowel typically transcribed in IPA with Template:Angbr IPA is actually near-close Template:IPAblink.Template:Sfnp
Wariʼ Template:Sfnp		lang}}	main}}	'capybara'	Rare; for some speakers, it is evolving into Template:IPAblink in open syllables and Template:IPAblink in closed ones.Template:Sfnp
West Frisian	Hindeloopers Template:Sfnp	lang}}	main}}	Template:Fix	main}} in Standard West Frisian.Template:Sfnp See West Frisian phonology
Wu	Shanghainese Template:Sfnp	lang}} / {{#invoke:Lang\|lang}}	main}}	'safety'

Close-mid front protruded vowelEdit

Template:Infobox IPA

Catford notesTemplate:Full citation needed that most languages with rounded front and back vowels use distinct types of labialization, protruded back vowels and compressed front vowels. However, a few, such as the Scandinavian languages, have protruded front vowels. One of them, Swedish, even contrasts the two types of rounding in front vowels (see near-close near-front rounded vowel, with Swedish examples of both types of rounding).

As there are no diacritics in the IPA to distinguish protruded and compressed rounding, an old diacritic for labialization, Template:Angbr IPA, will be used here as an ad hoc symbol for protruded front vowels. Another possible transcription is Template:Angbr IPA or Template:Angbr IPA (a close-mid front vowel modified by endolabialization), but that could be misread as a diphthong.

For the close-mid front protruded vowel that is usually transcribed with the symbol Template:Angbr IPA, see near-close front protruded vowel. If the usual symbol is Template:Angbr IPA, the vowel is listed here.

Acoustically, the sound is in between the more typical compressed close-mid front vowel {{#invoke:IPA|main}} and the unrounded close-mid front vowel Template:IPAblink.

FeaturesEdit

Template:Close-mid vowel Template:Front vowel Template:Protruded vowel

OccurrenceEdit

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Norwegian Template:Sfnp<ref>While Template:Harvcoltxt does not describe the exact type of rounding of this vowel, some other sources (e.g. Template:Harvcoltxt) state explicitly that it is protruded.</ref>		lang}}	main}}	'sweet'	The example word is from Urban East Norwegian, in which the vowel has also been described as central Template:IPAblink.Template:Sfnp See Norwegian phonology
Swedish	Central StandardTemplate:Sfnp	lang}}	Template:Audio-IPA	'beer'	main}}. See Swedish phonology