Competitive Enterprise Institute

The Competitive Enterprise Institute (CEI) is a non-profit libertarian think tank founded by the political writer Fred L. Smith Jr. on March 9, 1984, in Washington, D.C., to advance principles of limited government, free enterprise, and individual liberty. CEI focuses on a number of regulatory policy issues, including business and finance, labor, technology and telecommunications, transportation, food and drug regulation, and energy and environment in which they have promoted climate change denial. Kent Lassman is the current president and CEO.

According to the 2017 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report (Think Tanks and Civil Societies Program, University of Pennsylvania), CEI was number 59 (of 90) in the "Top Think Tanks in the United States".<ref name="Global Go To">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }} Other "Top Think Tank" rankings include #43 (of 65) of Environment Think Tanks and #47 (of 75) for Best Advocacy Campaign.</ref>

Policy areas

Energy and environment

Academic research has identified CEI as one of the think tanks funded to overturn the environmentalism of the 1960s, central to promoting climate change denial. It was involved in assisting the anti-environmental climate change policy of the George W. Bush administration.<ref name="DryzekNorgaard2011">Template:Cite book</ref> CEI promotes environmental policies based on limited government regulation and property rights, rejects what it calls "global warming alarmism",<ref name="CEI Energy & Environment page">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and denies the science of climate change.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

CEI is an opponent of government action by the Environmental Protection Agency that would require limits on greenhouse gas emissions. It favors free-market environmentalism and supports the idea that market institutions are more effective in protecting the environment than is government. In 2016, CEI president Kent Lassman wrote on the organization's blog that, "there is no debate about whether the Earth's climate is warming", that "human activities very likely contribute to that warming", and that "this has long been the CEI's position".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In March 1992, CEI's founder Fred Smith said of global warming: "Most of the indications right now are it looks pretty good. Warmer winters, warmer nights, no effects during the day because of clouding, sounds to me like we're moving to a more benign planet, more rain, richer, easier productivity to agriculture."<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In May 2006, CEI's global warming policy activities attracted attention as it embarked upon an ad campaign with two television commercials.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> These ads promote carbon dioxide as a positive factor in the environment and argue that global warming is not a concern. One ad focuses on the message that CO₂ is misrepresented as a pollutant, stating that "it's essential to life. We breathe it out. Plants breathe it in... They call it pollution. We call it life."<ref name=factcheck /> The other states that the world's glaciers are "growing, not melting... getting thicker, not thinner."<ref name=factcheck>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It cites Science articles to support its claims. However, the editor of Science stated that the ad "misrepresents the conclusions of the two cited Science papers... by selective referencing". The author of the articles, Curt Davis, director of the Center for Geospatial Intelligence at the University of Missouri, said CEI was misrepresenting his previous research to inflate their claims. "These television ads are a deliberate effort to confuse and mislead the public about the global warming debate," Davis said.<ref>[1] Template:Webarchive</ref>

In 2009, CEI's director of energy and global warming policy told The Washington Post, "The only thing that's been demonstrated to reduce emissions is economic collapse".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 2014, CEI sued the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy over a video that linked the polar vortex to climate change.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Regulatory reform

CEI advocates for regulatory reform on a range of policy issues, including energy, environment, business and finance, labor, technology and telecommunications, transportation, and food and drug regulation.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Its annual survey of the federal regulatory state "Ten Thousand Commandments: An Annual Snapshot of the Federal Regulatory State," documents the size, scope, and cost of federal regulations, and how the U.S. regulatory burden affects American consumers, businesses, and the economy.<ref name="washingtonpost.com">Template:Cite news</ref> CEI's Clyde Wayne Crews Jr. coined the phrase "regulatory dark matter," referencing astrophysics to distinguish between ordinary government regulations or "visible matter," and "regulatory dark matter," which consists of "thousands of executive branch and federal agency proclamations and issuances, including memos, guidance documents, bulletins, circulars and announcements with practical regulatory effect."<ref name="washingtonpost.com" />

Technology and telecommunications

In 2015, CEI filed an amicus brief in support of the petitioners in U.S. Telecom v. FCC. The brief argued that "Congress did not authorize the FCC to regulate the Internet when it enacted Section 706 of the Telecommunications Act [of 1996] and, in fact, placed it outside the scope of the FCC's rulemaking authority."<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

CEI has argued against using antitrust regulation to break up big technology companies such as Facebook and Google.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Capitalism

CEI has a longstanding project to recapture what they term "the moral legitimacy of capitalism" through research, writing, events, and other outreach activities.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 2019, CEI's vice president for Strategy Iain Murray argued, in an op-ed for The Wall Street Journal, that advocates of capitalism and free markets had taken the support of social conservatives for granted.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Project 2025

CEI was a member of the advisory board of Project 2025, a collection of conservative and right-wing policy proposals from the Heritage Foundation to reshape the United States federal government and consolidate executive power should the Republican nominee win the 2024 presidential election, from June 2022 through March 2024.<ref name="Mascaro-20234">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Legal advocacy

The Competitive Enterprise Institute "is one of a small number of think tanks that have a litigation arm to their organization, according to an editorial in the Wall Street Journal."<ref name="McDuffee">Template:Cite news</ref>

Center for Class Action Fairness (former project)

From 2015 to 2019, the Center for Class Action Fairness (CCAF) was part of CEI. It has since spun off as part of the new Hamilton Lincoln Law Institute, a free-market nonprofit public-interest law founded by former CEI attorneys Ted Frank and Melissa Holyoak.<ref name=hlli-founded>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }} {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> CCAF represents class members against what it calls, "unfair class action procedures and settlements."<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

CEI and Frank argued Frank v. Gaos before the U.S. Supreme Court on October 31, 2018, opposing a proposed class action settlement involving Google, who paid out an $8.5 million settlement including $6 million in cy-près funds and more than $2 million for class-action lawyers. Class members were not awarded any part of the settlement.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In 2015, CEI and Frank successfully appealed a class action settlement in a case about the length of Subway's "footlong" sandwiches. CEI argued that the proposed settlement benefited only nine people in the class but awarded more than half a million dollars to the class attorneys. Judge Diane Sykes's ruling rejected the settlement in the Subway case that would have paid plaintiffs' attorneys $525,000 and left the class with nothing. The court's decision included the statement that "[a] class settlement that results in fees for class counsel but yields no meaningful relief for the class is no better than a racket."<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Challenges to the Affordable Care Act

CEI funded and coordinated King v. Burwell and Halbig v. Burwell, two lawsuits that challenged the Internal Revenue Service's implementation of the Affordable Care Act.<ref name="Sanger-Katz">Template:Cite news</ref> The strategy of bringing such lawsuits was pioneered by Michael S. Greve, former chairman of CEI's board of directors, who stated: "This bastard [the act] has to be killed as a matter of political hygiene. I do not care how this is done, whether it's dismembered, whether we drive a stake through its heart, whether we tar and feather it, and drive it out of town, whether we strangle it."<ref name="Toobin">Template:Cite magazine</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The King v. Burwell suit alleged that the IRS's implementation violated the statute and sought to block "a major portion of Obamacare: the subsidies that more than 6 million middle-income people, across more than 30 states, now receive to buy health insurance."<ref name="Sanger-Katz"/> CEI general counsel Sam Kazman argued in a USA Today op-ed that the disputed IRS rule "raises a basic issue that goes far beyond Obamacare: Do agencies have to follow the laws enacted by Congress, or can they rewrite them?"<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The case made its way to the Supreme Court, which is a 6–3 decision rejected the challenge and upheld the ACA subsidies.<ref name="Sanger-Katz"/>

Challenges to the Dodd-Frank Act and financial regulation

In 2012, the CEI, along with the conservative activist group 60 Plus Association, filed a lawsuit against the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB). The CEI's suit alleges that the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act's creation of the CFPB violates the constitutional separation of powers.<ref name="McDuffee"/><ref name="Barber">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The CEI also contends that President Obama's recess appointment of Richard Cordray as CFPB director was unconstitutional<ref name="McDuffee"/><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and that the powers of the Financial Stability Oversight Council, created by Dodd-Frank, are unconstitutional.<ref name="McDuffee"/> In 2016, a federal judge rejected the challenge to Cordray's appointment.<ref name="Barber"/> The CEI's challenge to the constitutionality of CFPB remains pending in the federal courts.<ref name="Barber"/>

CEI events

Every year CEI hosts an annual dinner gala and presents the Julian L. Simon Memorial Award. The Simon award honors the work of the late economist, winner of the Simon–Ehrlich wager. Award winners have included:

Year	Winner	Notes
2001	Stephen Moore
2002	Robert L. Bradley Jr.
2003	Bjørn Lomborg
2004	no award	honored Norman Borlaug
2005	Barun Mitra
2006	John Stossel
2007	Indur M. Goklany
2008	Václav Klaus
2009	Richard Tren
2010	Stephen McIntyre and Ross McKitrick	Joint award
2011	Robert J. Smith
2012	Matt Ridley
2013	Deirdre McCloskey
2014	John Tierney
2015	Vernon L. Smith
2016	Bruce Yandle
2017	Pierre Desrochers
2018	Hernando de Soto
2019	Johan Norberg
2020	Steven Horwitz
2021	William Easterly
2022	Balaji Srinivasan

CEI projects

Warren T. Brookes Journalism Fellowship

In 1991, CEI established the Warren T. Brookes Journalism Fellowship to identify and train journalists who wish to improve their knowledge of environmental issues and free-market economics. In this manner, the program seeks to perpetuate the legacy of Warren Brookes, who was a longtime journalist with the Boston Herald and the Detroit News and a nationally syndicated columnist. Former and current fellows include:<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

1993–1994	Ronald Bailey
1994–1995	Michael Fumento
1995–1996	Michelle Malkin
1996–1997	James Bovard
1997–1998	Jesse Walker
1999–2000	Brian Doherty
2000–2001	Sean Paige
2001–2002	Eileen Ciesla-Norcross
2002–2003	Hugo Gurdon
2003–2004	Neil Hrab
2004–2005	John Berlau
2005–2006	Timothy P. Carney
2006–2007	Jeremy Lott
2007–2008	Lene Johansen
2008–2009	Silvia Santacruz
2009–2010	Ryan Young
2010–2011	Kathryn Ciano
2011–2012	Matt Patterson
2012–2013	Matthew Melchiorre
2013–2014	Bill Frezza
2014–2015	Carrie Sheffield

Bureaucrash

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Bureaucrash was a special outreach and activist project of CEI described as an international network of pro-freedom activists working to promote a political ideology based on personal and economic freedom. It conducted political activism using new media, creative marketing, and education campaigns. The project maintained a website (bureaucrash.com), which as of November 2023 is now only a web redirect to CEI's main website.

Funding

CEI is funded by donations from individuals, foundations and corporations.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Donors to CEI include a number of companies in the energy, technology, automotive, and alcohol and tobacco industries.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

CEI's revenues for the fiscal year ending on September 30, 2015, were $7.5 million against expenses of $7.4 million.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> ExxonMobil Corporation was a donor to CEI, giving the group about $2 million over seven years.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 2006, the company announced that it had ended its funding for the group.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

External links

• Template:Official website
• CEI blog
• GlobalWarming.org Cooler Heads Coalition homepage
• EDIRC listing (provided by RePEc)
• Organizational Profile – National Center for Charitable Statistics (Urban Institute)
• Template:ProPublicaNonprofitExplorer